Expanding Understanding of Motherhood Penalty: How Gaps in Family Policies Contribute to Gaps in Old-Age Earnings in Russia

Kingsbury, Marina

doi:10.3389/fsoc.2019.00067

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 111 publications

(180 reference statements)

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“…The impact of fertility on FLFP is a complex issue that depends on various socio-economic, cultural and institutional factors. Although declining fertility rates may create an incentive for women to enter the workforce, this may not necessarily occur if there are other barriers to participation, such as discrimination in the workplace (Channar et al, 2011), lack of affordable childcare (Kingsbury, 2019) and limited access to education and training (McBride, 2011). Furthermore, the relationship between fertility rates and female labour force participation may be influenced by different cultural, economic and political contexts (Humphries & Sarasúa, 2012;Keck & Saraceno, 2013;Khattab et al, 2017).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determinants of Female Labour Force Participation: Panel Data Analysis

Marjanović,

Popović,

Milanović

2024

CEBR

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The growing participation of women in the labour market has been undoubtedly one of the main features of the evolution of the economies of the European Union (EU) during the last few decades. Nevertheless, maintaining this increase remains an important policy goal due to the existing population ageing and gender employment gap. This paper aims to analyse the main determinants of female labour force participation (FLFP) in the EU countries using panel data regression analysis covering the period from 2000 to 2021. By employing the fixed-effects regression analysis, an influence of dependent variables such as GDP per capita, presence of anti-discrimination laws, equal opportunities laws and affirmative action, women's participation in parliament work, total fertility rate, paid parental leave, retirement age with full pension benefits, women's education and annual net earnings are assessed on the female labour participation rate in the European Union. Moreover, the robust standard error procedure is performed for model estimation. The empirical results indicate that GDP per capita, total fertility rate, equal age of retirement for men and women, annual net earnings, female upper secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary education and tertiary education enrolment represent significant determinants of FLFP, where all the stated variables have a positive influence on the FLFP rates. Therefore, improvement in education levels, annual net earnings and gender equality policies influence women to participate more in labour markets. These findings demonstrate the significance of improving education and earnings levels and the necessity of the development of adequate policies that will provide that. Implications for Central European audience:The results of this study provide insightful findings concerning the main drivers of female labour force participation in the European Union by taking into account the COVID-19 pandemic period labour market indicators.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determinants of Female Labour Force Participation: Panel Data Analysis

Marjanović,

Popović,

Milanović

2024

CEBR

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“…The contribution of our study to the existing literature is twofold. First, we provide evidence on the child penalty for a country for which the empirical literature is scanty and limited to cross-sectional studies (Nivorozhkina and Nivorozhkin, 2008;Biryukova and Makarentseva, 2017;Kingsbury, 2019). At the same time, we add Russia, as a country with institutional and social particularities, to the list of countries where event studies have been conducted.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Child Penalty in Russia: Evidence from an Event Study

Lebedinski¹,

Perugini

Vladisavljević

2020

SSRN Journal

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Child penalty in Russia: evidence from an event study

2022

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In this paper, we investigate the child penalty in Russia using data from the Russian Longitudinal Monitoring Survey (RLMS) and the methodological framework of event studies. We find that five years after childbirth, women suffer an earnings penalty, while no effect is observed for men. The mothers’ penalty stems exclusively from lower employment after childbirth. Contrary to similar studies on Western Europe and the US, we do not find penalties in terms of working hours or hourly wage rates for women who remain in the labour force. We further find that mothers’ employment penalty is strongly driven by household characteristics and by their spouses’ beliefs. Finally, we find that parenthood decreases the probability of working in supervisory positions for mothers and in the public sector for fathers.

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Expanding Understanding of Motherhood Penalty: How Gaps in Family Policies Contribute to Gaps in Old-Age Earnings in Russia

Cited by 4 publications

References 111 publications

Determinants of Female Labour Force Participation: Panel Data Analysis

Determinants of Female Labour Force Participation: Panel Data Analysis

Child Penalty in Russia: Evidence from an Event Study

Child penalty in Russia: evidence from an event study

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