Expanding the Species and Chemical Diversity of Penicillium Section Cinnamopurpurea

Abstract

A set of isolates very similar to or potentially conspecific with an unidentified Penicillium isolate NRRL 735, was assembled using a BLAST search of ITS similarity among described (GenBank) and undescribed Penicillium isolates in our laboratories. DNA was amplified from six loci of the assembled isolates and sequenced. Two species in section Cinnamopurpurea are self-compatible sexual species, but the asexual species had polymorphic loci suggestive of sexual reproduction and variation in conidium size suggestive of ploidy level differences typical of heterothallism. Accordingly we use genealogical concordance analysis, a technique valid only in heterothallic organisms, for putatively asexual species. Seven new species were revealed in the analysis and are described here. Extrolite analysis showed that two of the new species, P. colei and P. monsserratidens produce the mycotoxin citreoviridin that has demonstrated pharmacological activity against human lung tumors. These isolates could provide leads in pharmaceutical research.

Five New Records of the Family Aspergillaceae in Korea, Aspergillus europaeus, A. pragensis, A. tennesseensis, Penicillium fluviserpens, and P. scabrosum

“…The morphological features of our isolates were in line with the description of P. fluviserpens by Peterson et al [63]. However, the isolate CNUFC TM6-2 exhibited a colony measurement which differed from that of the description of P. fluviserpens on CYA (10-12 mm), MEA (8-11 mm), and PDA (10-12 mm) by Peterson et al [63]. Members of this section are slow-growing, often with brown reverse on some media and mostly produce colonies with similar morphologies, subglobose to ellipsoidal, smooth to finely roughened spores, and have monoverticillate to divaricate biverticillate smooth-walled conidiophores.…”

“…The strains CNUFC TM6-2 and CNUFC TM6-3 are well placed with other species in the Penicillium section Cinnamopurpurea as shown in Figure 2. The morphological features of our isolates were in line with the description of P. fluviserpens by Peterson et al [63]. However, the isolate CNUFC TM6-2 exhibited a colony measurement which differed from that of the description of P. fluviserpens on CYA (10-12 mm), MEA (8-11 mm), and PDA (10-12 mm) by Peterson et al [63].…”

Aspergillus asper sp. nov. and Aspergillus collinsii sp. nov., from Aspergillus section Usti

“…and collected by vacuum filtration over filter paper. DNA was extracted from freeze-dried mycelium using the CTAB method (Peterson et al, 2015). Beta tubulin (BT2), calmodulin (CF), internal transcribed spacer region (ITS; containing ITS1, 5.8S rDNA and ITS2) and DNA-dependent RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (RPB2) were amplified from genomic DNA and sequenced using published methods (Peterson & Jurjević , 2013).…”

“…All GenBank numbers are provided in Table S1 (available in the online Supplementary Material). Trees were prepared for publication as described previously (Peterson et al, 2015).…”

Targeting Conserved Genes in Penicillium Species

“…Multilocus studies with phylogenetic and concordance analysis provide a fi rm basis for defi ning the limits of variation within species [ 9 ] and can be used to resolve some of the disputes over the synonymy of species in subgenus Penicillium . Much of the sorting out of subgenus Penicillium was resolved by Samson and Frisvad [ 8 ].…”