Expanding the Reticular Chemistry Building Block Library toward Highly Connected Nets: Ultraporous MOFs Based on 18-Connected Ternary, Trigonal Prismatic Superpolyhedra

Abstract

The chemistry of metal−organic frameworks (MOFs) continues to expand rapidly, providing materials with diverse structures and properties. The reticular chemistry approach, where well-defined structural building blocks are combined together to form crystalline open framework solids, has greatly accelerated the discovery of new and important materials. However, its full potential toward the rational design of MOFs relies on the availability of highly connected building blocks because these greatly reduce the number of possible structures. Toward this, building blocks with connectivity greater than 12 are highly desirable but extremely rare. We report here the discovery of novel 18-connected, trigonal prismatic, ternary building blocks (tbb's) and their assembly into unique MOFs, denoted as Fe-tbb-MOF-x (x: 1, 2, 3), with hierarchical micro-and mesoporosity. The remarkable tbb is an 18-c supertrigonal prism, with three points of extension at each corner, consisting of triangular (3-c) and rectangular (4-c) carboxylate-based organic linkers and trigonal prismatic [Fe 3 (μ 3 -Ο)(−COO) 6 ] + clusters. The tbb's are linked together by an 18-c cluster made of 4-c ligands and a crystallographically distinct Fe 3 (μ 3 -Ο) trimer, forming overall a 3-D (3,4,4,6,6)-c five nodal net. The hierarchical, highly porous nature of Fe-tbb-MOF-x (x: 1, 2, 3) was confirmed by recording detailed sorption isotherms of Ar, CH 4 , and CO 2 at 87, 112, and 195 K, respectively, revealing an ultrahigh BET area (4263−4847 m 2 g −1 ) and pore volume (1.95−2.29 cm 3 g −1 ). Because of the observed ultrahigh porosities, the H 2 and CH 4 storage properties of Fe-tbb-MOF-x were investigated, revealing well-balanced high gravimetric and volumetric deliverable capacities for cryoadsorptive H 2 storage (11.6 wt %/41.4 g L −1 , 77 K/100 bar−160 K/5 bar), as well as CH 4 storage at near ambient temperatures (367 mg g −1 /160 cm 3 STP cm −3 , 5−100 bar at 298 K), placing these materials among the top performing MOFs. The present work opens new directions to apply reticular chemistry for the construction of novel MOFs with tunable porosities based on contracted or expanded tbb analogues.