Expanding the proxy toolkit to help identify past events — Lessons from the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami and the 2009 South Pacific Tsunami

Chagué‐Goff, Catherine; Schneider, Jean Luc; Goff, James; Dominey‐Howes, Dale; Strotz, Luke C.

doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2011.03.007

Cited by 200 publications

(108 citation statements)

References 88 publications

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“…Onshore tsunami deposits are characterised by a complex set of diagnostic features that have been presented in many studies (e.g., Dawson and Shi, 2000;Goff et al, 2001;Shiki et al, 2008;Bourgeois, 2009;Mamo et al, 2009;Chagué-Goff, 2010;Goto et al, 2010;Chagué-Goff et al, 2011). However, such criteria have not yet been summarised for offshore tsunami deposits, and the published data are limited.…”

Section: Diagnostic Features Of Offshore Tsunami Depositsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…As tsunami waves propagate into shallower water, they can erode, transport and deposit large amounts of sediments both onshore and offshore (e.g., Paris et al, 2010;Goto et al, 2011). Due to the number of processes involved (Shanmugam, 2011), tsunami deposits are very complex in terms of a number of characteristics, including grain size, sedimentary structures and sediment components (e.g., Luque et al, 2001;van den Bergh et al, 2003;Fujiwara and Kamataki, 2007;Kortekaas and Dawson, 2007;Noda et al, 2007;Paris et al, 2010;Chagué-Goff et al, 2011). Geological and environmental impacts of onshore tsunami deposits have been intensively studied in recent years (see Bourgeois, 2009 for a review), whereas the offshore behaviour and effects of tsunami waves during run-up and backwash are still poorly understood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sedimentary deposits left by the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami on the inner continental shelf offshore of Khao Lak, Andaman Sea (Thailand)

Sakuna

Szczuciński

Feldens³

et al. 2012

Earth Planet Sp

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Tsunami waves leave sedimentary signatures both onshore and offshore, although the latter are hardly known. The objective of the present study is to provide new evidence for the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami deposits left on the inner continental shelf of the Andaman Sea (Thailand) and to identify diagnostic sedimentological and geochemical properties of these deposits. Based on extensive seafloor mapping, three sediment cores were selected for study and were analysed for their sedimentary structures, grain size composition, chemical elemental composition, physical properties and 210 Pb activity. Sediment cores retrieved from shallow water (9-15 m) within 7.5 km off the shore revealed distinct event layers, which were interpreted as being tsunami deposits. These 20-25 cm thick deposits were already covered with post-tsunami marine sediments. They were composed of several units, marine sand layers alternating with poorly sorted mud with terrigenous and anthropogenic components, representing different hydrodynamic conditions (probably during run-up and backwash phase). These sedimentological observations were supported by geochemical and physical data and were confirmed using 210 Pb dating. A sediment core taken from a depth of 57 m at a distance of 25 km offshore did not reveal clear event deposits. Comparisons with available data from offshore tsunami deposits showed that there is no single set of signatures that could be applied to identify this kind of deposits.

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Section: Diagnostic Features Of Offshore Tsunami Depositsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sedimentary deposits left by the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami on the inner continental shelf offshore of Khao Lak, Andaman Sea (Thailand)

Sakuna

Szczuciński

Feldens³

et al. 2012

Earth Planet Sp

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“…The distinction of tsunami deposits from those deposited by other high-energy events, such as storms or hurricanes, are still problematic, even for deposits on land (Nanayama et al, 2000;Kortekaas and Dawson, 2007;Morton et al, 2007;Switzer and Jones, 2008;Phantuwongraj and Choowong, 2012). Previous studies proved that a series of proxies must be applied, e.g., the geomorphological setting, sedimentary structures, microfossil assemblages and geochemical components (Goff et al, 2004Kortekaas and Dawson, 2007; 2004 1962-1965, 1972-1973, 1989 Occurrence ( Morton et al, 2007;Ramírez-Herrera et al, 2012;Chagué-Goff et al, 2011;Richmond et al, 2011. The different signatures of the identified event deposits are summarized in Table 5.…”

Section: Comparison Of Tsunami Storm and Flash-flood Faciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Internal structure of event layers preserved on the Andaman Sea continental shelf, Thailand: tsunami vs. storm and flash-flood deposits

Sakuna-Schwartz

Feldens

Schwarzer

et al. 2015

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. Tsunami, storm and flash-flood event layers, which have been deposited over the last century on the shelf offshore Khao Lak (Thailand, Andaman Sea), are identified in sediment cores based on sedimentary structures, grain size compositions, Ti / Ca ratios and 210 Pb activity. Individual offshore tsunami deposits are 12 to 30 cm in thickness and originate from the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami. They are characterized by (1) the appearance of sand layers enriched in shells and shell debris and (2) the appearance of mud and sand clasts. Storm deposits found in core depths between 5 and 82 cm could be attributed to recent storm events by using 210 Pb profiles in conjunction with historical data of typhoons and tropical storms. Massive sand layers enriched in shells and shell debris characterize storm deposits. The last classified type of event layer represents reworked flash-flood deposits, which are characterized by a fining-upward sequence of muddy sediment. The most distinct difference between storm and tsunami deposits is the lack of mud and sand clasts, mud content and terrigenous material within storm deposits. Terrigenous material transported offshore during the tsunami backwash is therefore an important indicator to distinguish between storm and tsunami deposits in offshore environments.

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“…Large storm events (hurricanes, taifuns) as well as tsunamis can cause major erosion and transport of large sediment particles inland. In the geological record, tsunamis gained very little attention in the past and have only recently moved into the focus of geological research (e.g., Chagué-Goff et al 2011). Morton et al (2007) investigated modern tsunami and storm deposits to distinguish such sediments in the geological record.…”

Section: Storm and Tsunami Deposits 17mentioning

confidence: 99%

Dating sediments in coastal areas and potential applications for constraining the palaeo-environmental context of an archaeological site at Vohemar

Preusser¹,

Schreurs²

2011

oceanindien

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Expanding the proxy toolkit to help identify past events — Lessons from the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami and the 2009 South Pacific Tsunami

Cited by 200 publications

References 88 publications

Sedimentary deposits left by the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami on the inner continental shelf offshore of Khao Lak, Andaman Sea (Thailand)

Sedimentary deposits left by the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami on the inner continental shelf offshore of Khao Lak, Andaman Sea (Thailand)

Internal structure of event layers preserved on the Andaman Sea continental shelf, Thailand: tsunami vs. storm and flash-flood deposits

Dating sediments in coastal areas and potential applications for constraining the palaeo-environmental context of an archaeological site at Vohemar

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