Expanding the historical "outbreak" climatology between 1880 and 1989

Schroder, Zoe; Fricker, Tyler

doi:10.1007/s11069-023-05986-z

Cited by 2 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…It is well understood that, on average, tornado outbreaks occur east of the Rocky Mountains and west of the Appalachian mountains (Galway, 1977;Dean, 2010;Kelly et al, 1978;Moore, 2017b;Schroder and Fricker, 2023).…”

Section: Tornado Outbreaksmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On average, there is a decrease in the number of days with a tornado annually (Elsner et al, 2015;Brooks et al, 2014;Moore, 2017a,b;Moore and DeBoer, 2019), but an increase in the number of days with many tornadoes annually (Elsner et al, 2015;Moore, 2017a;Moore, 2017b;Moore and DeBoer, 2019). Throughout the year, the peak season for tornado occurrence is April, May, and June (Galway, 1977;Kelly et al, 1978;Concannon et al, 2000;Schneider et al, 2004;Dean, 2010;Gagan et al, 2010;Gensini and Ashley, 2011;Trapp, 2014;Schroder and Fricker, 2023). However, there is a secondary season of peak activity in the southeastern United States during the winter months (Galway and Pearson, 1981;Gagan et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Schroder and Fricker (2023) use this data to develop a historical climatology of tornado clusters between 1880 and 1989. Overall, results of Schroder and Fricker (2023)…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fricker et al (2022) extends the available digital record by digitizing reports from John Park Finley (Finley, 1882) and Thomas Grazulis (Grazulis, 1990b,a) over the period 1880 to 1989 into the STORGIS data set. Schroder and Fricker (2023) use this data to develop a historical climatology of tornado clusters between 1880 and 1989. Overall, results of Schroder and Fricker (2023)…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…over the period 1880 to 1989 known as the STORGIS data set. Researchers have used this data to develop a historical climatology of tornado clusters between 1880 and 1989(Schroder and Fricker, 2023), however, more work is needed to determine the relationship between the STORGIS and ONETOR databases across the overlapping years.In response, here the relationship between the ONETOR database and STORGIS databases is investigated over the years 1950-1989 for tornadoes rated F2 or higher. In particular, this research aims to show the representative nature of the STORGIS data set relative to the ONETOR database during the available overlapping years to assess whether or not more extensive cliamtologies can be created without the application of elegant or comprehensive statistical controls.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Exploring the Overlap: Comparing STORGIS and ONETOR data between 1950 and 1989

Schroder,

Fricker

2023

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The current understanding of tornado climatology centers on the Storm Prediction Center's tornado database (ONETOR) which dates back to 1950. To understand tornado climatology before this date, a secondary database (STORGIS) of digitized tornado records over the period 1880–1989 are used. Here, the ONETOR database and STORGIS data set are compared for individual tornadoes and outbreaks with six or more F2+ tornadoes during the overlapping years of 1950 to 1989. For the study period, there are more individual tornado reports in the ONETOR database relative to the STORGIS data set. While both databases suggest a similar broad-scale understanding of tornado climatology spatially and by decade, month, and year, there is a statistically significant difference between the two databases with regards to the total number of reports over the study period. For the study period, there are more tornado outbreaks in the ONETOR database relative to the STORGIS data set. In total, more than 94% of the missing outbreaks in the STORGIS data set are weaker outbreaks with ten or less tornadoes. While the general spatial and temporal patterns of the number and size of tornado outbreaks is similar between the STORGIS data set and ONETOR database, there is a statistically significant difference in the total number and average number of tornado outbreaks between each database. These results herein indicate that while the STORGIS data set is representative of large-scale patterns of F2+ tornado behavior in the United States, it cannot be used synonymously with the ONETOR database without additional statistical methods or context.

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Section: Tornado Outbreaksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Schroder and Fricker (2023) use this data to develop a historical climatology of tornado clusters between 1880 and 1989. Overall, results of Schroder and Fricker (2023)…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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