Expanding Integrated Vector Management to promote healthy environments

Lizzi, Karina M.; Qualls, Whitney A.; Brown, Scott C.; Beier, John C.

doi:10.1016/j.pt.2014.06.001

Cited by 45 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…With the guidance of administrative cells Community Health Workers (CHWs), the coordinates and the elevation of each breeding site were marked using a hand-held Global Positioning System (GPS), GARMIN etrex 12 CHANNEL (Lizzi et al, 2014) and the land use type identified on each breeding site was described The captured data were later …”

Section: • Data Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial modelling of malaria risk factors in Ruhuha sector in the east of Rwanda

Tuyishimire¹,

Kateera²,

Mugisha³

et al. 2017

RWJour

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Malaria is a vector borne disease posing a severe health risk to the population of Sub Saharan Africa and particularly in the East African Rift-Valley Region. The fact that malaria is still killing hundreds of thousands of people annually is due to insufficient researchers about its causing factors and the inefficiency of its control measures. With three main objectives: (1) to identify and map potential anopheles mosquito habitat, (2) to determine and map malaria prevalence, and, (3) to assess the relationship between malaria prevalence and malaria risk factors; the aim of this study is to spatially model malaria risk factors in a primarily rural area situated in South Eastern Rwanda. The data used in this research were obtained through a combination of high-resolution ortho-photography obtained from Rwanda Natural Resources Authority (RNRA) and primary data collection. In addition to this, detailed malaria occurrence and socio-economic data were obtained from Rwanda Biomedical Center (RBC). Spatial clusters of malaria occurrence were subsequently determined using Getis and Ord spatial statistics. This cluster analysis showed that malaria distribution is characterized by zones with high malaria risk, so called hot spots, zones with moderate malaria risk known as not significant spots and zones of low malaria risk known as cold spots. The current research demonstrates that malaria prevalence varies from one household to another and from one administrative unit (village) to another. The relationship between malaria prevalence and malaria risk factors was assessed using a logistic regression model. Results clearly indicate that malaria infection increases with the proximity to irrigated farmland. It also increases with household size. It was also proven that lower housing quality (mud houses; unburnt brick walls, earth floor) is associated with higher risk of malaria infection. This research proves that the proximity to irrigated farmland, the household size and housing quality are the main malaria underlying factors in the study area. It therefore suggests that people should not only live far from irrigated farmlands which are considered as the main anopheles mosquito breeding sites but also the housing quality should be improved.

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Section: • Data Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial modelling of malaria risk factors in Ruhuha sector in the east of Rwanda

Tuyishimire¹,

Kateera²,

Mugisha³

et al. 2017

RWJour

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“…While these tools have yielded significant reductions in malaria transmission, there is a need to identify synergistic combinations of vector control strategies , especially in the face of emerging insecticide resistance . WHO has advocated for an Integrated Vector Management (IVM) strategy, a capacity‐building approach in which multiple interventions, tailored to unique ecological settings , are employed jointly to increase cost‐effectiveness and sustainability .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cost of microbial larviciding for malaria control in rural Tanzania

Rahman

Lesser

Mboera

et al. 2016

Tropical Med Int Health

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Objective Microbial larviciding may be a potential supplement to conventional malaria vector control measures, but scant information on its relative implementation costs and effectiveness, especially in rural areas, are an impediment to expanding its uptake. We perform a costing analysis of a seasonal microbial larviciding program in rural Tanzania. Methods We evaluated the financial and economic costs from the perspective of the public provider of a three-month, community-based larviciding intervention implemented in twelve villages in the Mvomero district of Tanzania in 2012–2013. Cost data were collected from financial reports and invoices and through discussion with program administrators. Sensitivity analysis explored the robustness of our results to varying key parameters. Results Over the two-year study period, approximately 6,590 breeding sites were treated with larvicide. The average annual economic costs the larviciding intervention in rural Tanzania are estimated at 2014 US$ 1.44 per person protected per year (pppy), US$ 6.18 per household, and US$ 4,481.88 per village, with the larvicide and staffing accounting for 14% and 58% of total costs, respectively. Conclusions We found the costs pppy of implementing a seasonal larviciding program in rural Tanzania to be comparable to the costs of other larviciding programs in urban Tanzania and rural Kenya. Further research should evaluate the cost-effectiveness of larviciding relative to, and in combination with, other vector control strategies in rural settings.

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“…The strategy encompasses environmental modifications through both infrastructural development and sanitation services, to regulate not only the vectors but also the exposure to mosquito bites. It also seeks to improve public health and quality of life, and to minimise social-disparities (Lizzi et al, 2014). In line with this integrative strategy for malaria elimination, identifying regions of high levels of social vulnerability to malaria can help decision-makers provide tailor-made interventions in the most vulnerable areas of Rwanda.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling homogeneous regions of social vulnerability to malaria in Rwanda

Bizimana¹,

Kienberger²,

Hagenlocher³

et al. 2016

Geospat Health

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Despite the decline in malaria incidence due to intense interventions, potentials for malaria transmission persist in Rwanda. To eradicate malaria in Rwanda, strategies need to expand beyond approaches that focus solely on malaria epidemiology and also consider the socioeconomic, demographic and biological/disease-related factors that determine the vulnerability of potentially exposed populations. This paper analyses current levels of social vulnerability to malaria in Rwanda by integrating a set of weighted vulnerability indicators. The paper uses regionalisation techniques as a spatially explicit approach for delineating homogeneous regions of social vulnerability to malaria. This overcomes the limitations of administrative boundaries for modelling the trans-boundary social vulnerability to malaria. The utilised approach revealed high levels of social vulnerability to malaria in the highland areas of Rwanda, as well as in remote areas where populations are more susceptible. Susceptibility may be due to the populations' lacking the capacity to anticipate mosquito bites, or lacking resilience to cope with or recover from malaria infection. By highlighting the most influential indicators of social vulnerability to malaria, the applied approach indicates which vulnerability domains need to be addressed, and where appropriate interventions are most required. Interventions to improve the socioeconomic development in highly vulnerable areas could prove highly effective, and provide sustainable outcomes against malaria in Rwanda. This would ultimately increase the resilience of the population and their capacity to better anticipate, cope with, and recover from possible infection. IntroductionDespite various interventions to reduce the burden of malaria, the disease persists in many countries of the developing world. In 2012 there were approximately 562,000 malaria deaths in Africa, despite a slow decline since 2004 (WHO, 2014. Malaria decrease in Sub-Saharan Africa was generally associated with intense interventions and reduced vector density due to changing rainfall patterns (Meyrowitsch et al., 2011). Although considerable progress has been made in many countries, the general malaria burden remains high, particularly in young children and pregnant women (Roll Back Malaria, 2005). The Plasmodium (P.) falciparum prevalence rates in Rwanda increased until the late 1990s and early 2000s, after which a marked decrease was noted (Stern et al., 2011). Since 2004, interventions to prevent and control malaria in Rwanda have resulted in a substantial decline in malaria transmission, particularly as a result of improved access to effective treatment, increased use of bed nets, and indoor residual spraying (Karema et al., 2012). However, malaria incidence increased again between 2011 and 2012, revealing the fragility of the gains achieved (WHO, 2013). The results of an entomological survey of more than 50% exophile entomological inoculation rate (EIR) around Kigali City is also an indicator of potential transmission ga...

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Expanding Integrated Vector Management to promote healthy environments

Cited by 45 publications

References 54 publications

Spatial modelling of malaria risk factors in Ruhuha sector in the east of Rwanda

Spatial modelling of malaria risk factors in Ruhuha sector in the east of Rwanda

Cost of microbial larviciding for malaria control in rural Tanzania

Modelling homogeneous regions of social vulnerability to malaria in Rwanda

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