Expanded Scoring Criteria for the Design Fluency Test: Reliability and Validity in Neuropsychological and College Samples

Harter, Stephanie Lewis; Hart, C. C.; Harter, Gregory W.

doi:10.1093/arclin/14.5.419

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…A total Design Fluency score was also calculated by adding the scores from both the Free and Fixed Response conditions. Test–retest reliability for both the Free and Fixed Response conditions has been shown to be adequate, ranging from .51–.91 (Harter, Hart, & Harter, 1999).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frontal brain asymmetry in depression with comorbid anxiety: A neuropsychological investigation.

Nelson

Sarapas

Robison-Andrew

et al. 2012

Journal of Abnormal Psychology

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The approach-withdrawal model posits that depression and anxiety are associated with a relative right asymmetry in frontal brain activity. Most studies have tested this model using measures of cortical brain activity such as electroencephalography. However, neuropsychological tasks that differentially employ left vs. right frontal cortical regions can also be used to test hypotheses from the model. In two independent samples (Study 1 and 2), the present study investigated the performance of currently depressed individuals with or without a comorbid anxiety disorder and healthy controls on neuropsychological tasks tapping primarily left (verbal fluency) or right (design fluency) frontal brain regions. Across both samples, results indicated that comorbid participants performed more poorly than depressed only and control participants on design fluency, while all groups showed equivalent performance on verbal fluency. Moreover, comorbid participants showed “asymmetrical” performance on these two tasks (i.e., poorer design [right frontal] relative to verbal [left frontal] fluency), while depressed only and control participants showed approximately symmetrical profiles of performance. Results from these two samples suggest an abnormal frontal asymmetry in neurocognitive performance driven primarily by right frontal dysfunction among anxious-depressed individuals and highlight the importance of considering comorbid anxiety when examining frontal brain functioning in depression.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frontal brain asymmetry in depression with comorbid anxiety: A neuropsychological investigation.

Nelson

Sarapas

Robison-Andrew

et al. 2012

Journal of Abnormal Psychology

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“…The DF has evidenced low test–retest reliability (.32 to .58; Delis et al, 2001). However, the design fluency paradigm has demonstrated good to excellent interrater reliability (Carter, Shore, Harnadek, & Kubu, 1998; Harter, Hart, & Harter, 1999).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Components of executive function model regional prefrontal volumes.

Mace¹,

Waters²,

Sawyer

et al. 2019

Neuropsychology

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Objective: Designed to measure a diversity of executive functioning (EF) through classical neuropsychological tests, the Delis-Kaplan Executive Function Scale (D-KEFS) allows for the investigation of the neural architecture of EF. We examined how the D-KEFS Tower, Verbal Fluency, Design Fluency, Color–Word Interference, and Trail Making Test tasks related to frontal lobe volumes, quantifying the regional specificity of EF components. Method: Adults from the Nathan Kline Institute–Rockland Sample (NKI-RS), an open-access community study of brain development, with complete MRI (3T scanner) and D-KEFS data were selected for analysis (N = 478; ages 20–85). In a mixed-effects model predicting volume, D-KEFS task, D-KEFS score, region of interest (ROI; 13 frontal, 1 occipital control), were entered as fixed effects with intercepts for participants as random effects. Results: “Unitary” EF (aggregate of D-KEFS scores) was positively associated with superior frontal, rostral middle frontal, and lateral orbitofrontal volumes; a negative association was observed with frontal pole volume (| z-score slope | range = 0.040 to 0.051). “Diverse” EF skills (individual D-KEFS task scores) were differentially associated with two or three ROIs, respectively, but to a stronger extent (| z-score slope | range = 0.053 to 0.103). Conclusions: The neural correlates found for the D-KEFS support the prefrontal modularity of both unitary (aspects of EF ability common to all tasks) and diverse EF. Our findings contribute to emerging evidence that aggregate measurements of EF may serve broader but less robust frontal neural correlates than distinct EF skills.

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“…The DF has evidenced low test-retest reliability (.32 to .58) (Delis et al, 2001). However, the design fluency paradigm has demonstrated good to excellent inter-rater reliability (Carter, Shore, Harnadek, & Kubu, 1998;Harter, Hart, & Harter, 1999). (Reuter, Rosas, & Fischl, 2010), removal of non-brain tissue , automated Talairach transformation and estimation of total intracranial volume (Buckner et al, 2004), intensity normalization, segmentation of white and gray matter structures (Fischl et al, , 2002, tessellation of white/gray matter boundaries, topical surface correction (Fischl, Liu, & Dale, 2001;Ségonne, Pacheco, & Fischl, 2007), and surface deformation (Dale, Fischl, & Sereno, 1999;Fischl & Dale, 2000).…”

Section: Verbal Fluency (Vf)mentioning

confidence: 99%