Expanded principles of ethics and its implementation during COVID-19 vaccine trials: A scoping evidence based research synthesis

Covid-19 Vaccination in Children: An Update for the New Era of Covid-19

“…This is important healthrelated information designed to increase vaccination coverage, medical ethics: autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, and justice. [20][21][22][23]…”

“…Autonomy is an important concern in interventions with children because they lack the capacity to make autonomous decisions about anything, including health, and their parents help them make decisions about health care, including vaccinations. [20][21][22] The principle of autonomy is challenged when voluntary vaccination programs are transformed into mandatory programs. However, older teens who can make their own decisions would be an exception.…”

“…Beneficence is very important to consider when providing benefit without harm. [20][21][22] However, some children infected with COVID-19 have experienced severe symptoms and even died. Use of the COVID-19 vaccine in children can increase herd immunity and act as a form of resistance to viruses that attack the body.…”

“…Nonmaleficence requires no harm to others. [20][21][22] The issue is justified only if COVID-19 causes fatal infections in children, the condition under which requiring children to be vaccinated would prevent deaths, a worse outcome than vaccine-related adverse events. 20 The current pandemic, which is causing more severe illness in children, may also be a reason to vaccinate according to these ethical principles to prevent deterioration, spread of infection, and even death.…”

“…Justice means convincing the community that everyone, including children, has an equal right to access the COVID-19 vaccine. [20][21][22] Most previous research on vaccination incentives has focused on childhood vaccines. Some countries have used reward systems, while others have used penalties for nonvaccination to deter non-compliance.…”