Expandable Immunotherapeutic Nanoplatforms Engineered from Cytomembranes of Hybrid Cells Derived from Cancer and Dendritic Cells

Abstract

Using the cytomembranes (FMs) of hybrid cells acquired from the fusion of cancer and dendritic cells (DCs), this study offers a biologically derived platform for the combination of immunotherapy and traditional oncotherapy approaches. Due to the immunoactivation implicated in the cellular fusion, FMs can effectively express whole cancer antigens and immunological co‐stimulatory molecules for robust immunotherapy. FMs share the tumor's self‐targeting character with the parent cancer cells. In bilateral tumor‐bearing mouse models, the FM‐coated nanophotosensitizer causes durable immunoresponse to inhibit the rebound of primary tumors post‐nanophotosensitizer‐induced photodynamic therapy (PDT). The FM‐induced immunotherapy displays ultrahigh antitumor effects even comparable to that of PDT. On the other hand, PDT toward primary tumors enhances the immunotherapy‐caused regression of the irradiation‐free distant tumors. Consequently, both the primary and the distant tumors are almost completely eliminated. This tumor‐specific immunotherapy‐based nanoplatform is potentially expandable to multiple tumor types and readily equipped with diverse functions owing to the flexible nanoparticle options.

Nanoparticle Delivery of Immunostimulatory Agents for Cancer Immunotherapy

“…Cancer cell membrane represents a rich source of functional ligands as well as TAAs 115, 116, and these properties have been leveraged in the design of hybrid nanostructures for cancer imaging 211, photothermal therapy 212, photodynamic therapy 213, virotherapy 214, and immunotherapy 215. In one such work on cancer immunotherapy, the immunogenic properties of HSP70 was leveraged to enhance immune responses against cancer cell membrane antigens 216.…”

Bioengineering of nano metal-organic frameworks for cancer immunotherapy

“…Antigen peptide-major histocompatibility complex (pMHC) and DCderived costimulatory molecules can be collectively expressed on the FMs. Self-carrying multiple antigens and homologous targeted characteristics with the bioengineered PCN-224 can yield successful immunotherapy [95]. Further study founded that the PCN-224@FMs were able to home to lymph nodes and activate T cell immunity like APCs after subcutaneous injection (Figs.…”

Versatile Nanoscale Metal–Organic Frameworks (nMOFs): An Emerging 3D Nanoplatform for Drug Delivery and Therapeutic Applications

“…fabricated a biologically derived nanoplatform for synergistic PDT and immunotherapy, engineered from hybrid cytomembranes (FMs) of fused cancerous 4T1 cells and dendritic cells (DCs) (Figure 8c). [ 144 ] Compared to tumor cell membrane alone, FMs would preserve highly expressed whole tumor antigens and DCderived immunological costimulatory molecules, allowing more robust immune response. In bilateral tumorbearing mouse model, FMs‐modified PCN‐224 not only provided long‐lasting immunotherapy to effectively inhibit the proliferation rebound of primary tumors treated with PDT, but also exhibited a powerful capability to eliminate untreated distant tumors.…”