Exotic Plant Species Alter the Microbial Community Structure and Function in the Soil

Kourtev, Peter Stefanov; Ehrenfeld, Joan G.; Häggblom, Max M.

doi:10.2307/3071850

Cited by 215 publications

(285 citation statements)

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“…In particular, it has been found that exotic plants could alter the structure of AM fungus communities (40) and disrupt mutualistic associations between existing ecological associations within native communities (7,56). It has been suggested that introduced plant species had a selective positive influence on some AM species within the AM fungus native communities (41). In the present study, a similar process was found, as A. holosericea drastically promoted the multiplication of one fungal species (Glomus sp.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

“…Several well-documented studies have shown that exotic plant species can significantly alter soil biological and chemical characteristics (40,41,42). In particular, it has been found that exotic plants could alter the structure of AM fungus communities (40) and disrupt mutualistic associations between existing ecological associations within native communities (7,56).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Exotic Legume Tree Species Acacia holosericea Alters Microbial Soil Functionalities and the Structure of the Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Community

Remigi

Faye

Kane

et al. 2008

Appl Environ Microbiol

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The response of microbial functional diversity as well as its resistance to stress or disturbances caused by the introduction of an exotic tree species, Acacia holosericea, ectomycorrhized or not with Pisolithus albus, was examined. The results show that this ectomycorrhizal fungus promotes drastically the growth of this fastgrowing tree species in field conditions after 7 years of plantation. Compared to the crop soil surrounding the A. holosericea plantation, this exotic tree species, associated or not with the ectomycorrhizal symbiont, induced strong modifications in soil microbial functionalities (assessed by measuring the patterns of in situ catabolic potential of microbial communities) and reduced soil resistance in response to increasing stress or disturbance (salinity, temperature, and freeze-thaw and wet-dry cycles). In addition, A. holosericea strongly modified the structure of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus communities. These results show clearly that exotic plants may be responsible for important changes in soil microbiota affecting the structure and functions of microbial communities.Forest loss and degradation through human disturbance as well as deterioration of land productivity is a major problem in large areas of arid and semiarid environments. Degraded soils are characterized by loss or disturbance of the vegetation cover, increased soil erosion, decreased in-water infiltration, loss of available nutrients and organic matter, loss of microbial propagules, and/or diminution in microbial activity (25,35,44). Restoration of ecosystem health and productivity was traditionally achieved via abandonment of land and subsequent natural forest succession. In recent decades, management options for acceleration of the recovery and restoration of the productivity and biodiversity of disturbed ecosystems have been considered, since fallow periods have been shortened or eliminated due to increased anthropogenic pressure and agriculture intensification (49). Concerning the techniques used for rehabilitating degraded areas, there is increasing evidence that forest plantations can play a key role in ecosystem rehabilitation or restoration (52). Among candidate plantation species, fast-growing leguminous tree species (e.g., Australian Acacia species) should have preference.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Exotic Legume Tree Species Acacia holosericea Alters Microbial Soil Functionalities and the Structure of the Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Community

Remigi

Faye

Kane

et al. 2008

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…In its new habitat, the invasive plant can alter the soil microbial community (Kourtev et al 2002, Batten et al 2006, Greipsson and DiTommaso 2006. This can be achieved directly through exuded allelochemicals decimating indigenous AMFs (Stinson et al 2006, Zhang et al 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arbuscular mycorrhizal colonisation of roots of grass species differing in invasiveness

2013

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Recent research indicates that the soil microbial community, particularly arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), can influence plant invasion in several ways. We tested if 1) invasive species are colonised by AMF to a lower degree than resident native species, and 2) AMF colonisation of native plants is lower in a community inhabited by an invasive species than in an uninvaded resident community. The two tests were run in semiarid temperate grasslands on grass (Poaceae) species, and the frequency and intensity of mycorrhizal colonisation, and the proportion of arbuscules and vesicles in plant roots have been measured. In the first test, grasses representing three classes of invasiveness were included: invasive species, resident species becoming abundant upon disturbance, and non-invasive native species. Each class contained one C3 and one C4 species. The AMF colonisation of the invasive Calamagrostis epigejos and Cynodon dactylon was consistently lower than that of the non-invasive native Chrysopogon gryllus and Bromus inermis, and contained fewer arbuscules than the post-disturbance dominant resident grasses Bothriochloa ischaemum and Brachypodium pinnatum. The C3 and C4 grasses behaved alike despite their displaced phenologies in these habitats. The second test compared AMF colonisation for sand grassland dominant grasses Festuca vaginata and Stipa borysthenica in stands invaded by either C. epigejos or C. dactylon, and in the uninvaded natural community. Resident grasses showed lower degree of AMF colonisation in the invaded stand compared to the uninvaded natural community with F. vaginata responding so to both invaders, while S. borysthenica responding to C. dactylon only. These results indicate that invasive grasses supposedly less reliant on AMF symbionts have the capacity of altering the soil mycorrhizal community in such a way that resident native species can establish a considerably reduced extent of the beneficial AMF associations, hence their growth, reproduction and ultimately abundance may decline. Accumulating evidence suggests that such indirect influences of invasive alien plants on resident native species mediated by AMF or other members of the soil biota is 1 probably more the rule than the exception.Keywords: arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), Calamagrostis epigejos, Cynodon dactylon, grasses, invasive plants, semiarid temperate grassland.Nomenclature: Tutin et al. (1964Tutin et al. ( -1993.Abbreviations: AMF -Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi; a% -percentage arbuscule occurence of the AMF colonised root section; A% -percentage arbuscule occurence of the whole root; F% -frequency of root segments colonised by AMF; M% -intensity of mycorrhizal colonisation; v% -percentage vesicle occurence of the AMF colonised root section; V% -percentage vesicle occurence of the whole root;

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“…It has been previously demonstrated that the composition of microbial communities is mainly determined by plant factors, such as species composition and formation age (Grayston et al 2001), as well as various environmental factors such as soil type, nutrient status, pH and moisture (Stotzky 1997). Differentiation of microbial communities with respect to the vegetation has been investigated using methods reflecting membrane chemistry structure such as PLFA (Phospho-Lipid Fatty acid Analysis) (Kourtev et al 2002), DNA profiles (Marilley and Aragno 1999) and assessment of the catabolic diversity of soil microbial communities (substrate-specific respiration) (Degens and Harris 1997). It is generally assumed that the changes in the microbial community structures are the consequence of differences in root inputs among plant species (rhizosphere exudates and root turnover) (Grayston et al 1998;Coleman et al 2000) as well as in the quantity and chemical quality of aboveground litter inputs.…”

Section: Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Some Mediterranean plant species (Lavandula spp. and Thymus satureioides) act as potential ‘plant nurses’ for the early growth of Cupressus atlantica

et al. 2006

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The mycorrhizal status of several representative shrub species (Lavandula spp. and Thymus satureioides) in Moroccan semiarid ecosystems, was evaluated as well as their contribution to the mycorrhizal potential of the soil. Furthermore, the rhizosphere soils collected under these target species were tested for their influence on the growth of Cupressus atlantica, a tree species whose natural stands has declined in this area. Soil samples were collected from the rhizosphere of L. stoechas, L. dentata and of C. atlantica existing in the experimental area. Control samples were randomly collected from bare soil sites, away from plant influence.All the target species formed AM symbiosis and the extent of AM fungal colonization was not significantly different between plant species. No significant difference was detected between the total number of AM fungal spores of the bare soil and those recorded in the root zones of target species and C. atlantica. Three genera of AM fungi (Scutellospora, Glomus and Acaulospora) were present in the rhizospheres of the plant species and in the bare soil.The number of mycorrhizal propagules in soil originating from around the four target plant species was significantly higher than the one in the bare soil (Figure 1). The most probable number (MPN) of mycorrhizal propagules per 100 g of dry soil ranged from 7.82 (bare soil) to 179.7 (L. dentata and C. atlantica) and 244.5 (L. stoechas and T. satureioides). As the total number of spores was not different for the soil of different origins, the increase of the mycorrhizal soil infectivity (MSI) mainly resulted from larger AM mycelial networks that constituted the main source of AM fungal inoculum. In addition, this MSI enhancement was linked with changes in the functioning of soil microbial communities. In a glasshouse experiment, the growth of C. atlantica seedlings was significantly higher in the C. atlantica and in the shrub species soils than in the bare soil. Although the AM inoculum potential is not sufficient to ensure the development of forest trees in Mediterranean ecosystems, the use of plant nurses such as T. satureioides or Lavandula spp. could be of great interest to restore a self-sustaining vegetation cover to act against desertification.

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Exotic Plant Species Alter the Microbial Community Structure and Function in the Soil

Cited by 215 publications

References 0 publications

The Exotic Legume Tree Species Acacia holosericea Alters Microbial Soil Functionalities and the Structure of the Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Community

The Exotic Legume Tree Species Acacia holosericea Alters Microbial Soil Functionalities and the Structure of the Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Community

Arbuscular mycorrhizal colonisation of roots of grass species differing in invasiveness

Some Mediterranean plant species (Lavandula spp. and Thymus satureioides) act as potential ‘plant nurses’ for the early growth of Cupressus atlantica

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