Exotic Plant Invasion in the Context of Plant Defense against Herbivores

Inderjit, Inderjit

doi:10.1104/pp.111.190777

Cited by 17 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 97 publications

(118 reference statements)

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“…Given that the absence of genetic variation constrains evolution, low levels of genetic variation for resistance against herbivores that are native to the introduced range may influence plant-antagonist dynamics of exotic plant species outside their natural range. As pointed out by Orians and Ward (2010) and Inderjit (2012), constraints on the evolution of defence/resistance traits do not appear to be more common in exotic species, but few experiments have tested this hypothesis (Oduor et al, 2011). Moreover, there is an important gap in knowledge regarding genetic variation for induced defences in exotic plant species (Cipollini et al, 2005;Eigenbrode et al, 2008;Wang et al, 2012).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because the success of exotic plant species depends on phenotypic responses-either plastic or genetic-to the novel environment, plant invasions may be constrained by low genetic variation or low phenotypic plasticity for resistance traits (Orians and Ward, 2010;Inderjit, 2012). On the one hand, additive genetic variation in defensive traits is the fuel for the evolution of resistance against native herbivores in the introduced range.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Additive genetic variation in resistance traits of an exotic pine species: little evidence for constraints on evolution of resistance against native herbivores

2012

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The apparent failure of invasions by alien pines in Europe has been explained by the co-occurrence of native pine congeners supporting herbivores that might easily recognize the new plants as hosts. Previous studies have reported that exotic pines show reduced tolerance and capacity to induce resistance to those native herbivores. We hypothesize that limited genetic variation in resistance to native herbivores and the existence of evolutionary trade-offs between growth and resistance could represent additional potential constraints on the evolution of invasiveness of exotic pines outside their natural range. In this paper, we examined genetic variation for constitutive and induced chemical defences (measured as non-volatile resin in the stem and total phenolics in the needles) and resistance to two major native generalist herbivores of pines in cafeteria bioassays (the phloem-feeder Hylobius abietis and the defoliator Thaumetopoea pityocampa) using half-sib families drawn from a sample of the population of Pinus radiata introduced to Spain in the mid-19th century. We found (i) significant genetic variation, with moderate-to-high narrow-sense heritabilities for both the production of constitutive non-volatile resin and induced total phenolics, and for constitutive resistance against T. pityocampa in bioassays, (ii) no evolutionary trade-offs between plant resistance and growth traits or between the production of different quantitative chemical defences and (iii) a positive genetic correlation between constitutive resistance to the two studied herbivores. Overall, results of our study indicate that the exotic pine P. radiata has limited genetic constraints on the evolution of resistance against herbivores in its introduced range, suggesting that, at least in terms of interactions with these enemies, this pine species has potential to become invasive in the future. (2010)). For instance, the enemy release hypothesis predicts that exotic plants spread rapidly because they escape from their co-evolved natural enemies in the new range (Elton, 1958;Maron and Vilà, 2001). Accordingly, the evolution of increased competitive ability (EICA) hypothesis states that exotic plant species, with few specialized enemies in their new range, are more competitive than native species because they preferentially allocate resources to growth or reproduction instead of defences (Blossey and Nötzold, 1995). Although both hypotheses have been examined in a diverse array of terrestrial (Bossdorf et al.,

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Additive genetic variation in resistance traits of an exotic pine species: little evidence for constraints on evolution of resistance against native herbivores

2012

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“…Tel: +86 27 87510970; fax: +86 27 87510251; email: ding@wbgcas.cn tested and many studies have demonstrated that the loss of specialists is the major cause of some plant invasions (Blair & Wolfe, 2004;Stastny et al, 2005;Huang et al, 2012a). In spite of the fact that some generalists also have profound effects on plant defense, growth and reproduction (Ali & Agrawal, 2012;Stam et al, 2014), the impacts of generalists on plant invasions are largely neglected and little research has been conducted on the effects of an altered generalist community on the resource allocation of invasive plants (Müller-Schärer et al, 2004;Callaway & Maron, 2006;Inderjit, 2012;Prior et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of generalist herbivory on resistance and resource allocation by the invasive plant, Phytolacca americana

Huang

Ding

2015

Insect Science

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Successful invasions by exotic plants are often attributed to a loss of co-evolved specialists and a re-allocation of resources from defense to growth and reproduction. However, invasive plants are rarely completely released from insect herbivory because they are frequently attacked by generalists in their introduced ranges. The novel generalist community may also affect the invasive plant's defensive strategies and resource allocation. Here, we tested this hypothesis using American pokeweed (Phytolacca americana L.), a species that has become invasive in China, which is native to North America. We examined resistance, tolerance, growth and reproduction of plant populations from both China and the USA when plants were exposed to natural generalist herbivores in China. We found that leaf damage was greater for invasive populations than for native populations, indicating that plants from invasive ranges had lower resistance to herbivory than those from native ranges. A regression of the percentage of leaf damage against mass showed that there was no significant difference in tolerance between invasive and native populations, even though the shoot, root, fruit and total mass were larger for invasive populations than for native populations. These results suggest that generalist herbivores are important drivers mediating the defensive strategies and resource allocation of the invasive American pokeweed.

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“…In our study, we also address the issue of inconsistency in studies used to test the invasion hypotheses described above by comparing leaf damage between native and exotic plants (e.g., Chun et al 2010;Atwood and Meyerson 2011;Inderjit 2012). Such inconsistency may be due to measurement of only a single plant trait or using non-standard metrics of herbivore defense, such as, for example, uncommon data conversions or chemical pathways which might differ among plants (Atwood and Meyerson 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Herbivory of native and exotic North-American prairie grasses by nymph Melanoplus grasshoppers

Avanesyan

Culley

2015

Plant Ecol

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Although the general interaction between native and exotic plants and specialist insect herbivores has received considerable attention in ecological studies, plant responses to herbivory by generalist insects, as well as feeding preferences of generalist insects, are still poorly understood. Experimental studies comparing leaf damage of native and exotic plants to generalist insects have provided inconsistent results due to irregularities in methodology such as using only one type of experiment or using nonstandard measurements. Our study addresses these issues by examining leaf damage caused by generalist Melanoplus grasshoppers in morphologically and physiologically similar native (Andropogon gerardii and Bouteloua curtipendula) and exotic grasses (Miscanthus sinensis and Bothriochloa ischaemum) in Ohio and Maryland. In a 2-year study, we explored whether exotic grasses sustain less damage than native grasses, and consequently, whether generalist grasshoppers may potentially pose biotic resistance to exotic grasses. Using a combination of choice and nochoice feeding experiments with intact plants and with clipped leaves under different (field and greenhouse) conditions, we found that overall both herbivory and grasshopper performance (body length) were greater on the exotic grasses compared to native grasses. Our results suggest that exotic grasses which do not share a coevolutionary history with native generalist Melanoplus grasshoppers might have lower physical and chemical defenses than native plants. Consequently, Melanoplus grasshoppers may provide biotic resistance to these exotic grasses should these plants invade natural areas at the study regions. These results have important applications for predicting the interaction between exotic plants and generalist herbivores in the introduced range, which is critical for understanding factors facilitating plant invasions.

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Exotic Plant Invasion in the Context of Plant Defense against Herbivores

Cited by 17 publications

References 97 publications

Additive genetic variation in resistance traits of an exotic pine species: little evidence for constraints on evolution of resistance against native herbivores

Additive genetic variation in resistance traits of an exotic pine species: little evidence for constraints on evolution of resistance against native herbivores

Effects of generalist herbivory on resistance and resource allocation by the invasive plant, Phytolacca americana

Herbivory of native and exotic North-American prairie grasses by nymph Melanoplus grasshoppers

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