Exostosin1 as a novel prognostic and predictive biomarker for squamous cell lung carcinoma: A study based on bioinformatics analysis

Abstract

The exostosin (EXT) protein family is involved in diverse human diseases. However, the expression and prognostic value of EXT genes in human lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) is not well understood. In this study, we analyzed the association between expression of EXT1 and EXT2 genes and survival in patients with LUSC using bioinformatics resources such as Oncomine and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) databases, the Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) server and Kaplan–Meier plotter. Furthermore, regulatory microRNAs (miRNAs) were predicted for EXT1 and used to establish a potential miRNA‐messenger RNA (mRNA) regulation network for LUSC using the ENCORI platform. We observed that EXT1 and EXT2 expression levels were higher in LUSC than those in normal tissues. However, only EXT1 expression was significantly associated with poor overall survival (OS) in LUSC patients. Functional annotation enrichment analysis showed that genes co‐expressed with the EXT1 gene were enriched in biological processes such as cell adhesion and migration, and KEGG pathways such as extracellular matrix receptor interactions, complement and coagulation cascades, and cell death. Furthermore, three miRNAs, hsa‐mir‐190a‐5p, hsa‐mir‐195‐5p, and hsa‐mir‐490‐3p, were identified to be potentially involved in the regulation of EXT1. In summary, we identified EXT1 expression as a novel potential prognostic marker for human LUSC and the regulatory miRNAs that could possibly contribute to the prognosis of the disease.

Preliminary exploration of the co-regulation of Alzheimer’s disease pathogenic genes by microRNAs and transcription factors

“…In addition, we explored the predicted miRNAs of GRM5 and CRIA1 in AD patients using the ENCORI platform to establish potential miRNA messenger RNA (mRNA) regulatory networks ( Wu et al, 2021 ). We found 53 predicted differentially expressed microRNAs ( Figure 4C ).…”

Integrative Transcriptomic Profiling of the Wilms Tumor

“…miR-30c-2-3p is downregulated in clear cell renal cell carcinoma [38] while miR-138-5p and miR-139-5p suppress cell growth and invasion in many solid and hematological neoplasms [39,40]. miR-190a-5p expression is decreased in squamous cell lung carcinoma [41]. miR-378a-3p influences carcinogenesis of epithelial-mesenchymal transition [42], and miR-378d and miR-378f are downregulated in colorectal carcinoma [43].…”

Integrative Transcriptomic Profiling Reveals Novel Biomarkers in Wilms Tumor

“…miR-30c-2-3p is downregulated in clear cell renal cell carcinoma [38], while miR-138-5p and miR-139-5p suppress cell growth and invasion in many solid and hematological neoplasms [39,40]. miR-190a-5p expression is decreased in squamous cell lung carcinoma [41], miR-378a-3p in uences carcinogenesis of epithelial-mesenchymal transition [42], and miR-378d and miR-378f are downregulated in colorectal carcinoma [43]. Reports of miR-455-5p downregulation have been considered in prostate carcinoma, exposing its tumor suppressive function, inhibiting proliferation, and triggering apoptosis [44].…”