Exosomes: Potent regulators of tumor malignancy and potential bio-tools in clinical application

Guo, Liang; Guo, Na

doi:10.1016/j.critrevonc.2015.04.002

Cited by 51 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 106 publications

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“…Research currently in development has placed emphasis on novel biomarkers in pancreatic cancer, like tumor exosomal proteins (CD44v6, MET, CD1014, EpCAM, Tspan8), miRNAs expression profiles (mIR-1246,4644,3976,4306), 41 and telomerase activity. Exosomes are microvesicles formed by inward budding of the endosomal membrane that isolate different cell products (lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids), which subsequently are secreted into the extracellular space where they play a role in the regulation of tumor progression, tumor invasion, and neovascularization.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pancreas Adenocarcinoma: Ascites, Clinical Manifestations, and Management Implications

Hicks

Chou

Capanu

et al. 2016

Clinical Colorectal Cancer

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This was a cohort analysis evaluating patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma who presented with or developed ascites. Among the 180 patients analyzed, the use of serial paracenteses and indwelling catheters is a common practice to effect symptom palliation. The complication rate was higher in patients with indwelling catheters. Analyzing ascitic fluid and calculating the serum ascites albumin gradient can help attribute the etiology of the ascites and potentially identify which patients may benefit from diuretics or other intervention. Background Ascites develops in a subset of patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAC) at presentation or as the disease advances. Limited data exist on the prognostic importance of malignant ascites in PAC. Our hypothesis is that this information will provide an understanding of the natural history and facilitate management decisions. Methods We conducted a retrospective analysis of 180 patients treated at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center diagnosed between January 1, 2009 and December 31, 2014, with PAC and with ascites either at presentation or that developed during the disease course. Results For the 180 patients, the overall survival was 15 months. The time from diagnosis to ascites presentation was 11 months, and the survival time after ascites development was 1.8 months (range, 1.6–2.3 months; 95% confidence interval). Of 62 patients (34%) who had ascitic fluid analyzed, 36 (58%) had positive cytology. Fifty-one (82%) patients had a serum ascites albumin gradient ≥ 1, and 11 (18%) had serum ascites albumin gradient < 1. Sixty-four (36%) patients had their ascites managed solely by serial paracenteses. A total of 116 patients required a catheter; of these, 108 (93%) had a Tenckhoff catheter, 4 (3%) a Pleurx catheter, 4 (3%) a pigtail catheter, and 1 (1%) a Denver catheter. Eight (7%) patients required 2 catheters to be placed, and in 6 (5%), Tenckhoff catheters had to be removed. The main observed complications were spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in 7 (11%) managed with paracenteses versus 26 (23%) who had a catheter placed, catheter malfunction in 8 (7%), and acute renal failure in 6 (3%). After ascites development, 79 (44%) patients received active anti-cancer therapy, and 101 (56%) patients were managed with supportive care alone. Conclusions In patients with PAC who presented with or developed ascites, serial paracenteses and indwelling catheters are common methods used for providing symptomatic relief. The complication rate was higher with indwelling catheters, primarily related to infection (eg, bacterial peritonitis). Overall, ascites has a significantly negative prognostic import with a short median survival.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pancreas Adenocarcinoma: Ascites, Clinical Manifestations, and Management Implications

Hicks

Chou

Capanu

et al. 2016

Clinical Colorectal Cancer

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“…Additional clinical treatment methods, involving exosomes, include the elimination of circulating exosomes and the use of exosomes in immunotherapy [88][89][90]. The elimination of circulating exosomes is an attractive treatment option to reduce or inhibit tumor cell proliferation, invasion, and metastasis.…”

Section: Exosomes As New Treatment Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exosomes: Navigating a New Route in Pancreatic Cancer

Zhang¹,

Wang²,

Xu³

et al. 2017

J Biomol Res Ther

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Pancreatic cancer is a fatal disease, and even with an increased commitment to pancreatic cancer research, the 5-year survival rate remains at approximately 6%. However, in the last decade, there has been a rising interest in the role of small extracellular vesicles called exosomes in the cancer field. Accumulating evidence shows that exosomes participate in early processes of tumorigenesis, tumor progression, and metastasis by mediating communication between cells or between cells and their surrounding microenvironment. In pancreatic cancer, exosomes play key roles in building pre-metastatic niches in the liver, inducing immune evasion, changing metabolism, mediating crosstalk between tumor and stromal cells, and causing low chemosensitivity. Although research exploring the roles of exosomes in pancreatic cancer is still in its infancy, the studies presented in this review highlight their potential value in developing novel tools, such as lipid biomarkers, treatment targets, and efficient drug delivery devices, for cancer diagnosis and therapy.

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“…Inward budding of the late endosomal membrane to segregate the cargos, including lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids, within the membrane-covered vesicles is responsible for their formation [90]. Molecular signatures of donor cells having the ability to circulate throughout the body and potentially transferring information between cells to alter gene expression in recipient cells have been identified in exosomes [91].…”

Section: Exosomes In Ascites-exosomes Size In Malignant Ascites Is Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ascitic Fluid in Ovarian Carcinoma – From Pathophysiology to the Treatment

Živadinović¹,

Petrić²,

Krtinić³

et al. 2017

Ascites - Physiopathology, Treatment, Complications and Prognosis

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Due to low symptomatology, a lack of screening, and relatively complicated diagnostic procedures of ovarian carcinoma, more and more women are believed to visit their doctors in advanced stage of the disease, complicated with ascitic fluid. There is an increasing evidence that peritoneal cytology is a subjective assessment with certain percentage of false-positive and false-negative results that may cause application of unnecessary chemotherapy or nonapplication of necessary chemotherapy. Maximal cytoreductive surgery followed by intraperitoneal or systemic chemotherapy remains to be the gold standard in preventing ascites. Ascites is not only a symptom of a disease, but a specific microenvironment for formation and mediation of protumorigenic signals that control ovarian cancer progression, proliferation, invasion, anti-apoptosis, chemoresistance and tumor heterogeneity. Acellular cytokines and immunological factors influence ovarian cancer progression and its ability to prevent immune responses of the body and tumor reaction to chemotherapy. Ascites contributes to disease dissemination, changing its course and final outcomes. Management of patients with ascites and ovarian carcinoma is complex and often the goal of the treatment is to target palliative procedures. Multidisciplinary approach is necessary in the management of these patients. Further investigations of new drugs and immunomodulators are needed aiming at prolonged periods between relapses.

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Exosomes: Potent regulators of tumor malignancy and potential bio-tools in clinical application

Cited by 51 publications

References 106 publications

Pancreas Adenocarcinoma: Ascites, Clinical Manifestations, and Management Implications

Pancreas Adenocarcinoma: Ascites, Clinical Manifestations, and Management Implications

Exosomes: Navigating a New Route in Pancreatic Cancer

Ascitic Fluid in Ovarian Carcinoma – From Pathophysiology to the Treatment

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