Exosomes; multifaceted nanoplatform for targeting brain cancers

Mardi, Narges; Salahpour‐Anarjan, Fatemeh; Nemati, Mahdieh; Baher, Nasim Shahsavari; Rahbarghazi‬, Reza; Zarebkohan, Amir

doi:10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216077

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 187 publications

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“…Secondly, one should keep in mind that the distribution and concentration of exosomes is not even across different systems. For example, blood-brain barrier has a significant impact on exosome biology and induces a divergence between those in circulation and in cerebrospinal fluids ( 61 , 62 ). Does alveolar-capillary barrier has similar effect should be depicted in the future, as this will provide valuable clue to the development of better laboratory methods with more accuracy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exosomes in lung cancer metastasis, diagnosis, and immunologically relevant advances

Zhao,

Li,

Liu

et al. 2023

Front. Immunol.

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Lung cancer is a chronic wasting disease with insidious onset and long treatment cycle. Exosomes are specialized extracellular vesicles, at first exosomes were considered as a transporter of cellular metabolic wastes, but recently many studies have identified exosomes which contain a variety of biologically active substances that play a role in the regulation of cellular communication and physiological functions. Exosomes play an important role in the development of lung cancer and can promote metastasis through a variety of mechanisms. However, at the same time, researchers have also discovered that immune cells can also inhibit lung cancer through exosomes. In addition, researchers have discovered that some specific miRNAs in exosomes can be used as markers for early diagnosis of lung cancer. Engineering exosomes may be one of the strategies to enhance the clinical translational application of exosomes in the future, for example, strategies such as modifying exosomes to enhance targeting or utilizing exosomes as carriers for drug delivery have been explored. but more studies are needed to verify the safety and efficacy. This article reviews the latest research on exosomes in the field of lung cancer, from the mechanism of lung cancer development, the functions of immune cell-derived exosomes and tumor-derived exosomes, to the early diagnosis of lung cancer.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exosomes in lung cancer metastasis, diagnosis, and immunologically relevant advances

Zhao,

Li,

Liu

et al. 2023

Front. Immunol.

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“…Improving gene editing, labeling RNA and other technologies ( Soekmadji et al, 2018 ), and exploring the cargo sorting mechanism to determine whether the effect of exosomes is related to the carrying of specific molecules. So, it is necessary to discover the key components of exosome therapy that cause therapeutic effects or side effects, to determine the dose, durability and experimental “control” of exosome therapy ( Tzng et al, 2023 ), and to optimize engineering and physicochemical techniques (e.g., molecular methods such as gene overexpression and mechanical methods such as supramagnetic paramagnetic nanoparticles) to improve the effective tumor targeting of exosomes ( Mardi et al, 2023 ), further clinical researches are needed to verify and promote the clinical transformation of exosomes. Then the development of new technologies (gene co-expression, overexpression of mRNA) or optimization technology (such as magnetization of metal oxide, membrane separation, microfluidic, immunoaffinity chromatography) ( Xiang et al, 2021 ; Chen et al, 2022 ) and further basic research, to produce exosomes with controllable quality on a large scale and promote the industrialization of exosome production (scale, purity, consistency, and standardization), improving the short half-life of exosome, zeta potential difference and other internal problems, and continue to expand the application of exosomes ( Chen et al, 2022 ).…”

Section: Conclusion and Prospectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of exosomes in tumor immunity: recent progresses

Qiu,

Liang,

Yang

et al. 2024

Front. Cell Dev. Biol.

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Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles secreted by cells, ranging in size from 30 to 150 nm. They contain proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and other bioactive molecules, which play a crucial role in intercellular communication and material transfer. In tumor immunity, exosomes present various functions while the following two are of great importance: regulating the immune response and serving as delivery carriers. This review starts with the introduction of the formation, compositions, functions, isolation, characterization, and applications of exosomes, and subsequently discusses the current status of exosomes in tumor immunotherapy, and the recent applications of exosome-based tumor immunity regulation and antitumor drug delivery. Finally, current challenge and future prospects are proposed and hope to demonstrate inspiration for targeted readers in the field.

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“…This barrier forms a highly selective barrier that rigorously controls the entry of molecules to cerebral tissues and vice versa. The physicochemical properties of BBB refer to the characteristics of this membrane that determine its permeability to different substances [ 5 ]. The BBB is composed of tightly packed endothelial cells that form a continuous layer of cells with highly specialized properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, larger molecules, such as proteins or peptides, require a transcellular pathway to cross the BBB. This involves the active transport of molecules across the endothelial cell membrane through specific transporters, such as carrier-mediated transporters or receptor-mediated endocytosis [ 5 , 8 ]. In addition to lipophilicity and size, hydrogen bonding capacity, charge, and polarity are also physicochemical properties of BBBs that influence permeability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exosomes: Promising Delivery Tools for Overcoming Blood-Brain Barrier and Glioblastoma Therapy

et al. 2023

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Gliomas make up virtually 80% of all lethal primary brain tumors and are categorized based on their cell of origin. Glioblastoma is an astrocytic tumor that has an inferior prognosis despite the ongoing advances in treatment modalities. One of the main reasons for this shortcoming is the presence of the blood-brain barrier and blood-brain tumor barrier. Novel invasive and non-invasive drug delivery strategies for glioblastoma have been developed to overcome both the intact blood-brain barrier and leverage the disrupted nature of the blood-brain tumor barrier to target cancer cells after resection—the first treatment stage of glioblastoma. Exosomes are among non-invasive drug delivery methods and have emerged as a natural drug delivery vehicle with high biological barrier penetrability. There are various exosome isolation methods from different origins, and the intended use of the exosomes and starting materials defines the choice of isolation technique. In the present review, we have given an overview of the structure of the blood-brain barrier and its disruption in glioblastoma. This review provided a comprehensive insight into novel passive and active drug delivery techniques to overcome the blood-brain barrier, emphasizing exosomes as an excellent emerging drug, gene, and effective molecule delivery vehicle used in glioblastoma therapy. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12035-023-03365-0.

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Exosomes; multifaceted nanoplatform for targeting brain cancers

Cited by 9 publications

References 187 publications

Exosomes in lung cancer metastasis, diagnosis, and immunologically relevant advances

Exosomes in lung cancer metastasis, diagnosis, and immunologically relevant advances

Application of exosomes in tumor immunity: recent progresses

Exosomes: Promising Delivery Tools for Overcoming Blood-Brain Barrier and Glioblastoma Therapy

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