Exosomes: Mechanisms of Uptake

McKelvey, Kelly; Powell, Katie; Ashton, Anthony W.; Morris, Jonathan M.; McCracken, Sharon A.

doi:10.5772/61186

Cited by 346 publications

(330 citation statements)

References 86 publications

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“…The recipient cell takes up exosomes by endocytosis, pinocytosis, or simply fusing the exosomal with the plasma membrane (Abels & Breakefield, 2016; Costa Verdera, Gitz-Francois, Schiffelers, & Vader, 2017; Horibe, Tanahashi, Kawauchi, Murakami, & Rikitake, 2018; H. Jiang, Li, Li, & Xia, 2015; McKelvey, Powell, Ashton, Morris, & McCracken, 2015; Tian et al, 2013; Tian et al, 2014). A multitude of different effects of exosomes was reported.…”

Section: Got Exosomes: What’s (Really) In Your Prep?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Ceramide and Exosomes: A Novel Target in Cancer Biology and Therapy

Elsherbini

Bieberich

2018

Advances in Cancer Research

115

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Exosomes are secreted extracellular vesicles (EVs) that carry micro RNAs and other factors to reprogram cancer cells and tissues affected by cancer. Exosomes are exchanged between cancer cells and other tissues, often to prepare a premetastatic niche, escape immune surveillance, or spread multidrug resistance. Only a few studies investigated the function of lipids in exosomes, although their lipid composition is different from that of the secreting cells. Ceramide is one of the lipids critical for exosome formation and it is also enriched in these EVs. New research suggests that lipids in the exosomal membrane may organize and transmit “mobile rafts” that turn exosomes into extracellular signalosomes spreading activation of cell signaling pathways in oncogenesis and metastasis. Ceramide may modulate the function of mobile rafts and their effect on these cell signaling pathways. The critical role of lipids and in particular, ceramide for formation, secretion, and function of exosomes may lead to a radically new understanding of cancer biology and therapy.

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Section: Got Exosomes: What’s (Really) In Your Prep?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Ceramide and Exosomes: A Novel Target in Cancer Biology and Therapy

Elsherbini

Bieberich

2018

Advances in Cancer Research

115

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“…Their unique lipid and protein composition plays an important role in their intrinsic targeting capacity and are vital for cell docking and fusion, e.g. phosphatidylserine, a known biological docking site for signaling molecules, is often highly expressed [55][56][57]. Owing to their biogenesis, exosomes can be found in most body fluids and contain a variety of biological components including proteins, mRNA and microRNA species.…”

Section: Exosomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Topically applied lipid- and surfactant-based nanoparticles in the treatment of skin disorders

Desmet

Gele

Lambert

2016

Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery

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In the treatment of dermatological disorders, topical drug administration is a mainstay. However, nanoparticle-based carrier systems could improve and expand the current therapeutic range via localized delivery of active ingredients. Areas covered: This review gives a detailed description of lipid- and surfactant-based drug delivery systems which have been explored for topical drug administration. To guide researchers in their choice of delivery system, an informative decision tree is included. Moreover, this review provides a complete overview of the topical or transdermal drug products, currently on the market or under clinical investigation, delivered via the discussed carriers, in the treatment of skin disorders. Expert opinion: Conventional liposomes are still popular in the domain of topical or transdermal drug delivery and dominate the market landscape. However, several other carriers, such as exosomes and niosomes, are being explored which offer distinct advantages over liposomes and should therefore not be disregarded when selecting a proper drug delivery system.

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“…It is believed therefore that exosomes may be able to exert their influence systemically as well as locally, facilitating endocrine communication between distant cells and tissues (McKelvey et al 2015. This phenomenon has been well explored as a regulator of the immune response.…”

Section: Exosomes As Vehicles For Cell-cell Communicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The exosomes of antigenpresenting cells can present MHC-II complexes to primed T-cells in this manner to stimulate an immune reaction (Théry et al 2009, Bobrie et al 2011. Similarly, exosomes carrying MCH-I can trigger inhibitory signals in T-cells and natural killer cells, attenuating an immune reaction (McKelvey et al 2015). In many cases, a receptor-ligand interaction facilitates the internalization of exosomes into the target cell via receptor-mediated endocytosis or plasma membrane fusion.…”

Section: Exosomes As Vehicles For Cell-cell Communicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In many cases, a receptor-ligand interaction facilitates the internalization of exosomes into the target cell via receptor-mediated endocytosis or plasma membrane fusion. RNA transfer via exosome requires internalization (McKelvey et al 2015). In the case of endocytosis, internalization occurs when the exosome is engulfed within an endosome.…”

Section: Exosomes As Vehicles For Cell-cell Communicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Stem cell-derived exosomes: a novel vector for tissue repair and diabetic therapy

Newton¹,

Kim²,

Luo³

et al. 2017

Journal of Molecular Endocrinology

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Exosomes are extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted from a majority of cell types. Exosomes play a role in healthy and pathogenic intercellular interactions via the transfer of proteins, lipids and RNA. The contents and effects of exosomes vary depending on the properties of the originating cell. Exosomes secreted from some cell types, including stem cells, carry biological factors implicated in the protection, regeneration and angiogenesis of damaged tissues. Due to these properties, exosomes have attracted attention as a novel vector for regenerative therapies. Exosomes as a therapeutic tool could have applications for the treatment of many disorders characterized by chronic tissue damage. Exosomes derived from stem cells could be applied to repair or prevent damage from the complications of diabetes mellitus. The immunomodulatory and reparative properties of stem cell-derived exosomes could protect or even restore an early-stage type 1 diabetic patient's original islets from autoimmune destruction. Exosomes could also possibly suppress graft rejection of pancreatic islet transplants. Therefore, it is our recommendation that the treatment of diabetes mellitus using exosome-based therapies be further explored. Development of novel therapies using exosomes is slowed by a limited understanding of their mechanisms. This hurdle must be overcome to pave the way for clinical trials and ultimately the adaptation of exosomes as a therapeutic vector.

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Exosomes: Mechanisms of Uptake

Cited by 346 publications

References 86 publications

Ceramide and Exosomes: A Novel Target in Cancer Biology and Therapy

Ceramide and Exosomes: A Novel Target in Cancer Biology and Therapy

Topically applied lipid- and surfactant-based nanoparticles in the treatment of skin disorders

Stem cell-derived exosomes: a novel vector for tissue repair and diabetic therapy

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