Exosomes: Insights from Retinoblastoma and Other Eye Cancers

Lande, Kashmiri; Gupta, Jitesh; Ranjan, Ravi; Kiran, Manjari; Solis, Luis Fernando Torres; Herrera, Arturo Solís; Aliev, Gjumrakch; Karnati, Roy

doi:10.3390/ijms21197055

Cited by 23 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 162 publications

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“…microRNA (miRNA, miR)-494 is known to be overexpressed in tumors and is involved in angiogenesis by transferring to vascular endothelial cells via exosomes [ 19 , 20 ]. In contrast, in cancer cells, miR-494 has been reported to target MYC and PGC-1α [ 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Linoleic Acid Upregulates Microrna-494 to Induce Quiescence in Colorectal Cancer

Ogata

Mori

Kishi

et al. 2021

IJMS

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Cancer dormancy is a state characterized by the quiescence of disseminated cancer cells, and tumor recurrence occurs when such cells re-proliferate after a long incubation period. These cancer cells tend to be treatment resistant and one of the barriers to successful therapeutic intervention. We have previously reported that long-term treatment of cancer cells with linoleic acid (LA) induces a dormancy-like phenotype. However, the mechanism underpinning this effect has not yet been clarified. Here, we investigate the mechanism of LA-induced quiescence in cancer cells. We first confirmed that long-term treatment of the mouse colorectal cancer cell line CT26 with LA induced quiescence. When these cells were inoculated subcutaneously into a syngeneic mouse and fed with an LA diet, the inoculated cancer cells maintained the quiescent state and exhibited markers of dormancy. LA-treated CT26 cells showed reduced oxidative phosphorylation, glycolysis, and energy production as well as reduced expression of the regulatory factors Pgc1α and MycC. MicroRNA expression profiling revealed that LA induced an upregulation in miR-494. The expression of Pgc1α and MycC were both induced by an miR-494 mimic, and the LA-induced decrease in gene expression was abrogated by an miR-494 inhibitor. The expression of miR-494 was enhanced by the mitochondrial oxidative stress produced by LA. In a syngeneic mouse subcutaneous tumor model, growth suppression by an LA diet and growth delay by LA pretreatment + LA diet were found to have similar effects as administration of an miR-494 mimic. In contrast, the effects of LA were abrogated by an miR-494 inhibitor. Analysis of human colorectal cancer tissue revealed that miR-494 was present at low levels in non-metastatic cases and cases with simultaneous liver metastases but was expressed at high levels in cases with delayed liver metastases, which also exhibited reduced expression of PGC1α and MYCC. These results suggest that miR-494 is involved in cancer dormancy induced by high levels of LA intake and that this microRNA may be valuable in targeting dormant cancer cells.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Linoleic Acid Upregulates Microrna-494 to Induce Quiescence in Colorectal Cancer

Ogata

Mori

Kishi

et al. 2021

IJMS

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“…Exosomes are vesicles about 30-150 nm in diameter, which can be secreted by a variety of cells [16], including immune cells [17], cancer cells [18], and stem cells [19] and so on. They are distributed in almost all body fluids, including blood [20], urine [21], tears [22], semen [23], cerebrospinal fluid [24], and so on. Exosomal generation process involves the formation of ILVs and the fusion of MVBs with plasma membrane [25].…”

Section: Exosomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exosomal targeting and its potential clinical application

Ren

Wang

et al. 2022

Drug Deliv. and Transl. Res.

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Exosomes are extracellular vesicles secreted by a variety of living cells, which have a certain degree of natural targeting as nano-carriers. Almost all exosomes released by cells will eventually enter the blood circulation or be absorbed by other cells. Under the action of content sorting mechanism, some specific surface molecules can be expressed on the surface of exosomes, such as tetraspanins protein and integrin. To some extent, these specific surface molecules can fuse with specific cells, so that exosomes show specific cell natural targeting. In recent years, exosomes have become a drug delivery system with low immunogenicity, high biocompatibility and high efficacy. Nucleic acids, polypeptides, lipids, or small molecule drugs with therapeutic function are organically loaded into exosomes, and then transported to specific types of cells or tissues in vivo, especially tumor tissues, to achieve targeting drug delivery. The natural targeting of exosome has been found and recognized in some studies, but there are still many challenges in effective clinical treatments. The use of the natural targeting of exosomes alone is incapable of accurately transporting the goods loaded to specific sites. Besides, the natural targeting of exosomes is still an open question in disease targeting and efficient gene/chemotherapy combined therapy. Engineering transformation and modification on exosomes can optimize its natural targeting and deliver the goods to a specific location, providing wide use in clinical treatment. This review summarizes the research progress of exosomal natural targeting and transformation strategy of obtained targeting after transformation. The mechanism of natural targeting and obtained targeting after transformation are also reviewed. The potential value of exosomal targeting in clinical application is also discussed. Graphical abstract

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“…Exosomes have been characterized as nanometer-sized extracellular double-membrane lipid bilayer bio-vesicles secreted by the fusion of vesicular bodies with the plasma membrane. Tear fluid consists of exosomes that are shown to regulate various cellular processes [21].…”

Section: Small 'Neuroblastic' Tumor Cells With Typical 'Rosettes' In Retinoblastoma (Hematoxylin-eosin)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Range of Clinical Neuro-Ophthalmopathology: more than Tumors

Walter¹

2021

JNNS

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The importance of close co-operation of ophthalmologists, neurologists, neurosurgeons and neuro-ophthalmopathologists as well in clinical as in scientific settings is underlined. Typical neuro-ophthalmopathological examples of frequent and rare cases from pathology of the eyelid, the cornea, intraocular tumors, ocular trauma and tumors of the orbit are presented as well as systemic pathologies such as inflammatory diseases of the eye, phakomatoses, malformations and mitochondrial disorders in which the histopathological investigation by neuro-ophthalmopathologists may contribute to diagnosis and therapeutic decision-making. The chosen examples should provide a narrow focus on some clinical queries answered by neuro-ophthalmopathology and exemplify methodological options, but – in the given frame – cannot represent the full range of eye pathology. Relevant literature is included for further reading. Ophthalmologists, neurologists and neurosurgeons should be aware from the additional value of a concise neuro-ophthalmopathological diagnosis for the optimal treatment of eye diseases and should insist in a professional neuro-ophthalmopathological investigation whenever and wherever possible.

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Exosomes: Insights from Retinoblastoma and Other Eye Cancers

Cited by 23 publications

References 162 publications

Linoleic Acid Upregulates Microrna-494 to Induce Quiescence in Colorectal Cancer

Linoleic Acid Upregulates Microrna-494 to Induce Quiescence in Colorectal Cancer

Exosomal targeting and its potential clinical application

Range of Clinical Neuro-Ophthalmopathology: more than Tumors

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