Exosomes in urological diseases - Biological functions and clinical applications

Song, Qiang; Yu, Hao; Han, Jie; Lv, Jialun; Yang, Haiwei

doi:10.1016/j.canlet.2022.215809

Cited by 15 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 141 publications

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“…Currently, the detection method is becoming more specialized and sensitive. In vitro experiments showed higher expression levels of these exosome miRNAs in CRC cell lines compared to non-tumor cells ( 78 ). Patients with gastric cancer (GC) exhibited a significant increase in plasma LINC00152 levels compared to healthy controls ( 79 ).…”

Section: Application Potential Of Extracellular Vesicles In Disease M...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Unveiling the hidden role of extracellular vesicles in brain metastases: a comprehensive review

Li,

Lu,

Chen

et al. 2024

Front. Immunol.

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BackgroundExtracellular vesicles (EVs) are small, transparent vesicles that can be found in various biological fluids and are derived from the amplification of cell membranes. Recent studies have increasingly demonstrated that EVs play a crucial regulatory role in tumorigenesis and development, including the progression of metastatic tumors in distant organs. Brain metastases (BMs) are highly prevalent in patients with lung cancer, breast cancer, and melanoma, and patients often experience serious complications and are often associated with a poor prognosis. The immune microenvironment of brain metastases was different from that of the primary tumor. Nevertheless, the existing review on the role and therapeutic potential of EVs in immune microenvironment of BMs is relatively limited.Main bodyThis review provides a comprehensive analysis of the published research literature, summarizing the vital role of EVs in BMs. Studies have demonstrated that EVs participate in the regulation of the BMs immune microenvironment, exemplified by their ability to modify the permeability of the blood-brain barrier, change immune cell infiltration, and activate associated cells for promoting tumor cell survival and proliferation. Furthermore, EVs have the potential to serve as biomarkers for disease surveillance and prediction of BMs.ConclusionOverall, EVs play a key role in the regulation of the immune microenvironment of brain metastasis and are expected to make advances in immunotherapy and disease diagnosis. Future studies will help reveal the specific mechanisms of EVs in brain metastases and use them as new therapeutic strategies.

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Section: Application Potential Of Extracellular Vesicles In Disease M...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Unveiling the hidden role of extracellular vesicles in brain metastases: a comprehensive review

Li,

Lu,

Chen

et al. 2024

Front. Immunol.

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“…Exosomes are extracellular vesicles with a diameter of 30–150 nm generated by almost all cell types 50,51 . Exosomes consist of a lipid bilayer containing transmembrane proteins and wrap around cytoplasmic proteins, lipids, or nucleic acids 52,53 . Exosomes can regulate cellular communication by transporting specific exosomal contents 54,55 .…”

Section: Overview Of Exosomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exosomes‐mediated crosstalk between glioma and immune cells in the tumor microenvironment

2023

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Gliomas are malignant tumors originating from the central nervous system and are characterized clinically by high morbidity, mortality, high infiltrating, and poor prognosis. 1,2 The main treatments for glioma are direct surgical resection, radiotherapy, and temozolomide chemotherapy. [3][4][5][6][7] Gliomas are classified as astrocytic, oligodendroglial, and ventricular canal tumors based on their malignancy and phenotype. [8][9][10] Diffuse gliomas can be further typed as astrocytic, oligodendroglial, or rare mixed oligodendroglial-astrocytic of World Health Organization (WHO) grade II (low grade), III (anaplastic), or IV (glioblastoma).According to the WHO histological classification, gliomas are classified as WHO grade I-IV, with glioblastoma, a WHO grade IV glioma, accounting for approximately 45% of malignant brain tumors. 11,12 The pathogenesis of glioma remains unclear, with tumorigenesis resulting from a combination of environmental and genetic factors.The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of tumor cells and surrounding components. 13,14 It includes innate and adaptive immune cells (T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes), mesenchymal fibroblasts, and vascular and lymphatic vessel networks. Various chemokines secreted through autocrine or paracrine make up the TME. [15][16][17] Alterations in the microenvironment affect tumorigenesis and progression. The immune cell is fundamental in determining the fate of cancer and its invasiveness and metastatic capacity. 18,19 The clinical outcome of cancer patients is interrelated to the composition of immune cells that infiltrate tumors. 20,21

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“…Another type of molecule that has recently gained quite a bit of traction is miRNA or microRNA, which can affect gene and protein expression, either through miRNA–mRNA interaction, or through interaction with gene promoters. miRNAs may be delivered through exosomes, i.e., lipid vesicles usually derived from the cellular endosomal system [ 128 ], or bound to certain proteins, i.e., Argonautes [ 129 ]. It is also worth noting that miRNAs are extremely stable in extracellular fluids [ 130 ], which no doubt could further aid their possible delivery as biological therapy agents.…”

Section: Promising New Updatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Promising Novel Therapies in the Treatment of Aortic and Visceral Aneurysms

Stougiannou,

Christodoulou,

Georgakarakos

et al. 2023

JCM

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Aortic and visceral aneurysms affect large arterial vessels, including the thoracic and abdominal aorta, as well as visceral arterial branches, such as the splenic, hepatic, and mesenteric arteries, respectively. Although these clinical entities have not been equally researched, it seems that they might share certain common pathophysiological changes and molecular mechanisms. The yet limited published data, with regard to newly designed, novel therapies, could serve as a nidus for the evaluation and potential implementation of such treatments in large artery aneurysms. In both animal models and clinical trials, various novel treatments have been employed in an attempt to not only reduce the complications of the already implemented modalities, through manufacturing of more durable materials, but also to regenerate or replace affected tissues themselves. Cellular populations like stem and differentiated vascular cell types, large diameter tissue-engineered vascular grafts (TEVGs), and various molecules and biological factors that might target aspects of the pathophysiological process, including cell-adhesion stabilizers, metalloproteinase inhibitors, and miRNAs, could potentially contribute significantly to the treatment of these types of aneurysms. In this narrative review, we sought to collect and present relevant evidence in the literature, in an effort to unveil promising biological therapies, possibly applicable to the treatment of aortic aneurysms, both thoracic and abdominal, as well as visceral aneurysms.

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Exosomes in urological diseases - Biological functions and clinical applications

Cited by 15 publications

References 141 publications

Unveiling the hidden role of extracellular vesicles in brain metastases: a comprehensive review

Unveiling the hidden role of extracellular vesicles in brain metastases: a comprehensive review

Exosomes‐mediated crosstalk between glioma and immune cells in the tumor microenvironment

Promising Novel Therapies in the Treatment of Aortic and Visceral Aneurysms

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