“…Compared to traditional drug delivery, exosomes offer a number of benefits including their capacity to translocate functional biomolecules, their stability in blood, and immune tolerance ( Pêche et al, 2006 ; Sun et al, 2013 ; Song et al, 2016 ). Naturally occurring exosomes derived from a variety of sources have been investigated for therapeutic applications, including those from different mammalian cells (e.g., mesenchymal stem cells, macrophages, tumor cells), plant cells, and biological fluids (e.g., plasma, serum, and milk) ( Luan et al, 2017 ; Alfieri et al, 2021 ; Kučuk et al, 2021 ; Perut et al, 2021 ). Isolated exosomes can be exogenously loaded with therapeutic cargo for targeted delivery, ranging from RNAs (siRNA, miRNA, lncRNA) and proteins to synthetic chemicals and drugs.…”