Exosomes as Theranostic Agents in Reproduction System

Abstract

Exosomes (Exos), belonging to extracellular vesicles, are cell‐derived nano‐sized vesicles with the potential to carry different kinds of biological molecules. Many studies have proved the impacts of exosomal cargo on several biological processes in female and male reproductive systems. It is also hypothesized that changes in exosomal cargo are integral to the promotion of certain pathological conditions, thus Exos can be used as valid biomarkers for the diagnosis of infertility and other abnormal conditions. Here, efforts are made to collect some recent data related to the physiological significance of Exos in the reproductive system, and their potential therapeutic effects. It is anticipated that the current review article will lay the groundwork for elucidating the source and mechanisms by which Exos control the reproductive system additionally supplying fresh methods and concepts for the detection and treatment of disorders associated with fertility for future studies.

Nrf2 activation: a key mechanism in stem cell exosomes-mediated therapies

“…The exosomes are sEVs that have the smallest average particle size, the highest homogeneity, the most complex composition, and diverse functions among all EVs. Therefore, due to these attributes, they possess the highest practical value and have undergone extensive research and widespread application [ 11 , 12 ]. Exosomes comprise complex contents, such as nucleic acids including mRNAs, DNA, and noncoding RNAs, lipids, and various proteins that play a vital role in the paracrine mechanisms [ 13 , 14 ].…”