Exosomes are the novel players involved in the beneficial effects of exercise on type 2 diabetes

Gaohua, Lu; Liu, Hua; Chen, Yanfang; Wang, Jinju; Yang, Yi

doi:10.1002/jcp.28319

Cited by 26 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 138 publications

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“…Multiple questions remain. Many of these relate to underlying and potentially novel mechanisms that need to be investigated in humans such as the role of the microbiota (Codella, Luzi, & Terruzzi, 2018) and exosomes (Ge, Xie, Xiao, & Li, 2019, Li et al., 2019) during exercise in chronic inflammatory disorders, and to the appropriate dose of exercise for β‐cell health in different populations. Studies conducted in a non‐diabetic population suggest a linear relationship between exercise dose and β‐cell function (Malin et al., 2013); however, studies in T2D suggest that long duration–higher intensity exercise is less beneficial than moderate duration and intensity of exercise (Slentz et al., 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The benefits of physical exercise for the health of the pancreatic β‐cell: a review of the evidence

Curran

Drayson

Zoppi

et al. 2020

Experimental Physiology

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Physical exercise is a core therapy for type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Whilst the benefits of exercise for different physiological systems are recognised, the effect of exercise specifically on the pancreatic -cell is not well described. Here we review the effects of physical exercise on -cell health.We show that exercise improves -cell mass and function. The improved function manifests primarily through the increased insulin content of the -cell and its increased ability to secrete insulin in response to a glucose stimulus. We review the evidence relating to glucose sensing, insulin signalling, -cell proliferation and -cell apoptosis in humans and animal models with acute exercise and following exercise training programmes. Some of the mechanisms through which these benefits manifest are discussed. K E Y W O R D S

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The benefits of physical exercise for the health of the pancreatic β‐cell: a review of the evidence

Curran

Drayson

Zoppi

et al. 2020

Experimental Physiology

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“…Emerging evidence suggests that exercise is an effective intervention to delay the progression of aging-related diseases [ 16 , 17 , 18 ]. The release of exercise-promoted exosomes could be the key to facilitating intercellular communication [ 19 ] and systemic adaptations to exercise [ 20 ] in aging [ 21 ] and other conditions and diseases, such as type 2 diabetes [ 22 , 23 ], cardiovascular diseases [ 24 , 25 , 26 ], and sarcopenia [ 27 ]. Thus far, the literature has demonstrated the release of exosome markers (Alix, CD63, CD81, and Flotillin [Flot]-1) regardless of exercise protocols [ 21 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 ], although the effect of exercise training on these exosome cargo remains to be elucidated in the elderly.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resistance Training Diminishes the Expression of Exosome CD63 Protein without Modification of Plasma miR-146a-5p and cfDNA in the Elderly

et al. 2021

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Aging-associated inflammation is characterized by senescent cell-mediated secretion of high levels of inflammatory mediators, such as microRNA (miR)-146a. Moreover, a rise of circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) is also related to systemic inflammation and frailty in the elderly. Exosome-mediated cell-to-cell communication is fundamental in cellular senescence and aging. The plasma changes in exercise-promoted miR-146a-5p, cfDNA, and exosome release could be the key to facilitate intercellular communication and systemic adaptations to exercise in aging. Thirty-eight elderly subjects (28 trained and 10 controls) volunteered in an 8-week resistance training protocol. The levels of plasma miR-146a-5p, cfDNA, and exosome markers (CD9, CD14, CD63, CD81, Flotillin [Flot]-1, and VDAC1) were measured prior to and following training. Results showed no changes in plasma miR-146a-5p and cfDNA levels with training. The levels of exosome markers (Flot-1, CD9, and CD81) as well as exosome-carried proteins (CD14 and VDAC1) remained unchanged, whereas an attenuated CD63 response was found in the trained group compared to the controls. These findings might partially support the anti-inflammatory effect of resistance training in the elderly as evidenced by the diminishment of exosome CD63 protein expression, without modification of plasma miR-146a-5p and cfDNA.

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“…Subsequently, the release of exosomes following exercise carries exerkines to mediates intercellular communication (Y. Li et al, 2017), thereby resulting in health benefits in various conditions and diseases, including aging (Bertoldi et al, 2018), Type 2 diabetes (G. Li et al, 2019;Safdar et al, 2016), cardiovascular diseases (Bei et al, 2017;Hou et al, 2019;Ma et al, 2018), immunity (Lancaster & Febbraio, 2005; C. X. Wu & Liu, 2018), breast cancer (Dethlefsen et al, 2017), and sarcopenia (Rong et al, 2020).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of exercise on exosome release and cargo in in vivo and ex vivo models: A systematic review

Estébanez

Jiménez-Pavón

Huang

et al. 2020

Journal Cellular Physiology

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Exercise‐released exosomes have been identified as novel players to mediate cell‐to‐cell communication in promoting systemic beneficial effects. This review aimed to systematically investigate the effects of exercise on exosome release and cargo, as well as provide an overview of their physiological implications. Among the 436 articles obtained in the database search (WOS, Scopus, and PubMed), 19 articles were included based on eligibility criteria. Results indicate that exercise promotes the release of exosomes without modification of its vesicle size. The literature has primarily shown an exercise‐driven increase in exosome markers (Alix, CD63, CD81, and Flot‐1), along with other exosome‐carried proteins, into circulation. However, exosome isolation, characterization, and phenotyping methodology, as well as timing of sample recovery following exercise can influence the analysis and interpretation of findings. Moreover, a large number of exosome‐carried microRNAs (miRNAs), including miR‐1, miR‐133a, miR‐133b, miR‐206, and miR‐486, in response to exercise are involved in the modulation of proliferation and differentiation of skeletal muscle tissue, although antigen‐presenting cells, leukocytes, endothelial cells, and platelets are the main sources of exosome release into the circulation. Collectively, with the physiological implications as evidenced by the ex vivo trials, the release of exercise‐promoted exosomes and their cargo could provide the potential therapeutic applications via the role of intercellular communication.

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Exosomes are the novel players involved in the beneficial effects of exercise on type 2 diabetes

Cited by 26 publications

References 138 publications

The benefits of physical exercise for the health of the pancreatic β‐cell: a review of the evidence

The benefits of physical exercise for the health of the pancreatic β‐cell: a review of the evidence

Resistance Training Diminishes the Expression of Exosome CD63 Protein without Modification of Plasma miR-146a-5p and cfDNA in the Elderly

Effects of exercise on exosome release and cargo in in vivo and ex vivo models: A systematic review

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