Exosomes and Exosome-Inspired Vesicles for Targeted Drug Delivery

Antimisiaris, Sophia G.; Mourtas, Spyridon; Marazioti, Antonia

doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics10040218

Cited by 442 publications

(367 citation statements)

References 177 publications

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“…14 Exosomes are a type of micro vesicle secreted by cells, which can transfer internal substances to surrounding cells efficiently through rich adhesion proteins interacting with cell membrane. 27,28 Based on the above, we selected HFL-1 cells as the maternal cells for the source of exosomes, which were characterized by DLS and TEM; the results showed that the average particle size was 88.45 ± 19.53 nm, with uniform size and typical vesicular structure. The particle size of exosomes increased after ultrasonic loading, but the TEM showed that exosomes were still intact vesicles.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Targeted exosome‐encapsulated erastin induced ferroptosis in triple negative breast cancer cells

et al. 2019

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Ferroptosis is an iron‐dependent, lipid peroxide‐driven cell death caused by inhibition of the cystine/glutamate transporter, which is of importance for the survival of triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells. Erastin is a low molecular weight chemotherapy drug that induces ferroptosis; however, poor water solubility and renal toxicity have limited its application. Exosomes, as drug delivery vehicles with low immunogenicity, high biocompatibility and high efficiency, have attracted increasing attention in recent years. Herein, we developed a formulation of erastin‐loaded exosomes labeled with folate (FA) to form FA‐vectorized exosomes loaded with erastin (erastin@FA‐exo) to target TNBC cells with overexpression of FA receptors. The characterization, drug release, internalization and anti–tumor effect in vitro of erastin@FA‐exo were determined. Erastin@FA‐exo could increase the uptake efficiency of erastin into MDA‐MB‐231 cells; compared with erastin@exo and free erastin, erastin@FA‐exo has a better inhibitory effect on the proliferation and migration of MDA‐MB‐231 cells. Furthermore, erastin@FA‐exo promoted ferroptosis with intracellular depletion of glutathione and reactive oxygen species overgeneration. Western blot analyses revealed that erastin@FA‐exo suppressed expression of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and upregulated expression of cysteine dioxygenase (CDO1). We conclude that targeting and biocompatibility of exosome‐based erastin preparations provide an innovative and powerful delivery platform for anti–cancer therapy.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Targeted exosome‐encapsulated erastin induced ferroptosis in triple negative breast cancer cells

et al. 2019

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“…The possible role of EVs as an attractive source of drug delivery vehicles has been largely emphasized [119,120]. EVs present several advantages with respect to some similar drug delivery systems (i.e., polymeric nanoparticles and liposomes) [121], given that they produce limited systemic side effects, while being characterized by a great specificity [122]. The EVs' potential as drug carriers is inherent in their ability to deliver different types of cargoes, such as interfering RNA (siRNA) or pharmaceutically active molecules, even at long distances [123,124].…”

Section: Evs As Drug Carriersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extracellular Vesicles as Signaling Mediators and Disease Biomarkers across Biological Barriers

Simeone

Bologna

Lanuti

et al. 2020

IJMS

138

117

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Extracellular vesicles act as shuttle vectors or signal transducers that can deliver specific biological information and have progressively emerged as key regulators of organized communities of cells within multicellular organisms in health and disease. Here, we survey the evolutionary origin, general characteristics, and biological significance of extracellular vesicles as mediators of intercellular signaling, discuss the various subtypes of extracellular vesicles thus far described and the principal methodological approaches to their study, and review the role of extracellular vesicles in tumorigenesis, immunity, non-synaptic neural communication, vascular-neural communication through the blood-brain barrier, renal pathophysiology, and embryo-fetal/maternal communication through the placenta.

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“…As a result of all the advantages of liposomes as drug delivery systems (DDSs), several liposomal drug products are currently available in the market, such as Doxil V R , Ambisome V R , DaunoXome V R , Marqibo V R , Onivyde TM , Myocet V R , etc. (Antimisiaris et al, 2018), while others are under clinical testing, such as CPX-1, CPX-351, En-doTAG-1 (Lip-opack), LEP-ETU, etc. (Palazzolo et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(Palazzolo et al, 2018). Products like Doxil V R where the main pharmacological mechanism is passive targeting have poor selectivity toward cancer cells, which induce severe systemic side effects (Antimisiaris et al, 2018). To obtain active target ability in diseased sites, surface ligand modification of liposomes is mostly used in the literature .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prospects and challenges of extracellular vesicle-based drug delivery system: considering cell source

et al. 2020

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Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic bodies, are nanosized membrane vesicles derived from most cell types. Carrying diverse biomolecules from their parent cells, EVs are important mediators of intercellular communication and thus play significant roles in physiological and pathological processes. Owing to their natural biogenesis process, EVs are generated with high biocompatibility, enhanced stability, and limited immunogenicity, which provide multiple advantages as drug delivery systems (DDSs) over traditional synthetic delivery vehicles. EVs have been reported to be used for the delivery of siRNAs, miRNAs, protein, small molecule drugs, nanoparticles, and CRISPR/Cas9 in the treatment of various diseases. As a natural drug delivery vectors, EVs can penetrate into the tissues and be bioengineered to enhance the targetability. Although EVs' characteristics make them ideal for drug delivery, EV-based drug delivery remains challenging, due to lack of standardized isolation and purification methods, limited drug loading efficiency, and insufficient clinical grade production. In this review, we summarized the current knowledge on the application of EVs as DDS from the perspective of different cell origin and weighted the advantages and bottlenecks of EV-based DDS. ARTICLE HISTORY

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Exosomes and Exosome-Inspired Vesicles for Targeted Drug Delivery

Cited by 442 publications

References 177 publications

Targeted exosome‐encapsulated erastin induced ferroptosis in triple negative breast cancer cells

Targeted exosome‐encapsulated erastin induced ferroptosis in triple negative breast cancer cells

Extracellular Vesicles as Signaling Mediators and Disease Biomarkers across Biological Barriers

Prospects and challenges of extracellular vesicle-based drug delivery system: considering cell source

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