Exosomes and exosome composite scaffolds in periodontal tissue engineering

Wang, Tingyu; Zhou, Yanxing; Zhang, Wenwen; Xue, Yuanye; Xiao, Ziteng; Zhou, Yanfang; Peng, Xinsheng

doi:10.3389/fbioe.2023.1287714

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 119 publications

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“…EV therapy could serve as an adjunct to traditional treatments, offering a personalized, less invasive option that mitigates inflammation, promotes tissue regeneration, and potentially reduces the need for surgical interventions [ 44 , 45 ]. This approach not only aims to improve patient outcomes, but also addresses the intricate relationship between the host immune response, nitric oxide (NO) production, and periodontal pathogens [ 46 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Efficacy of Extracellular Vesicle Therapy in Periodontitis: Reduced Inflammation and Enhanced Regeneration

Puletic,

Velikic,

Maric

et al. 2024

IJMS

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Periodontitis, a prevalent inflammatory condition, affects the supporting structures of teeth, leading to significant oral health challenges. Traditional treatments have primarily focused on mechanical debridement, antimicrobial therapy, and surgery, which often fail to restore lost periodontal structures. Emerging as a novel approach in regenerative medicine, extracellular vesicle (EV) therapy, including exosomes, leverages nano-sized vesicles known for facilitating intercellular communication and modulating physiological and pathological processes. This study is a proof-of-concept type that evaluates the clinical efficacy of EV therapy as a non-surgical treatment for stage I–III periodontitis, focusing on its anti-inflammatory and regenerative potential. The research involved seven patients undergoing the therapy, and seven healthy individuals. Clinical parameters, including the plaque index, bleeding on probing, probing depth, and attachment level, were assessed alongside cytokine levels in the gingival crevicular fluid. The study found significant improvements in clinical parameters, and a marked reduction in pro-inflammatory cytokines post-treatment, matching the levels of healthy subjects, underscoring the therapy’s ability to not only attenuate inflammation and enhance tissue regeneration, but also highlighting its potential in restoring periodontal health. This investigation illuminates the promising role of EV therapy in periodontal treatment, advocating for a shift towards therapies that halt disease progression and promote structural and functional restoration of periodontal tissues.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Efficacy of Extracellular Vesicle Therapy in Periodontitis: Reduced Inflammation and Enhanced Regeneration

Puletic,

Velikic,

Maric

et al. 2024

IJMS

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“…It may be possible to meet competing demands more effectively by combining synthetic and natural polymers. 177 …”

Section: Strategies Of Functional-modified Msc-evs For Bone-related D...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It may be possible to meet competing demands more effectively by combining synthetic and natural polymers. 177 Hydrogels, as hydrophilic gels with crosslinked networks, have the ability to mimic the structure of the natural ECM. They are usually composed of natural polymers, synthetic polymers, or hybrid polymers as their basic units.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Bone-Related Diseases: Intercellular Communication Messengers and Therapeutic Engineering Protagonists

Wang,

Wen,

et al. 2024

IJN

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Extracellular vesicles (EVs) can deliver various bioactive molecules among cells, making them promising diagnostic and therapeutic alternatives in diseases. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived EVs (MSC-EVs) have shown therapeutic potential similar to MSCs but with drawbacks such as lower yield, reduced biological activities, off-target effects, and shorter half-lives. Improving strategies utilizing biotechniques to pretreat MSCs and enhance the properties of released EVs, as well as modifying MSC-EVs to enhance targeting abilities and achieve controlled release, shows potential for overcoming application limitations and enhancing therapeutic effects in treating bone-related diseases. This review focuses on recent advances in functionalizing MSC-EVs to treat bone-related diseases. Firstly, we underscore the significance of MSC-EVs in facilitating crosstalk between cells within the skeletal environment. Secondly, we highlight strategies of functional-modified EVs for treating bone-related diseases. We explore the pretreatment of stem cells using various biotechniques to enhance the properties of resulting EVs, as well as diverse approaches to modify MSC-EVs for targeted delivery and controlled release. Finally, we address the challenges and opportunities for further research on MSC-EVs in bone-related diseases.

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Stem Cell-Based Acellular Therapy: Insight into Biogenesis, Bioengineering and Therapeutic Applications of Exosomes

Choudhery,

Arif,

Mahmood

et al. 2024

Biomolecules

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The vast regenerative potential of stem cells has laid the foundation for stem cell-based therapies. However, certain challenges limit the application of cell-based therapies. The therapeutic use of cell-free therapy can avoid limitations associated with cell-based therapies. Acellular stem cell-based therapies rely on the use of biological factors released by stem cells, including growth factors and extracellular vesicles such as exosomes. Due to their comparable regenerative potential, acellular therapies may provide a feasible and scalable alternative to stem cell-based therapies. Exosomes are small vesicles secreted by various types of cells, including stem cells. Exosomes contain parent cell-derived nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, and other bioactive molecules. They play an important role in intra-cellular communication and influence the biological characteristics of cells. Exosomes inherit the properties of their parent cells; therefore, stem cell-derived exosomes are of particular interest for applications of regenerative medicine. In comparison to stem cell-based therapy, exosome therapy offers several benefits, such as easy transport and storage, no risk of immunological rejection, and few ethical dilemmas. Unlike stem cells, exosomes can be lyophilized and stored off-the-shelf, making acellular therapies standardized and more accessible while reducing overall treatment costs. Exosome-based acellular treatments are therefore readily available for applications in patients at the time of care. The current review discusses the use of exosomes as an acellular therapy. The review explores the molecular mechanism of exosome biogenesis, various methods for exosome isolation, and characterization. In addition, the latest advancements in bioengineering techniques to enhance exosome potential for acellular therapies have been discussed. The challenges in the use of exosomes as well as their diverse applications for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases have been reviewed in detail.

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Exosomes and exosome composite scaffolds in periodontal tissue engineering

Cited by 4 publications

References 119 publications

Clinical Efficacy of Extracellular Vesicle Therapy in Periodontitis: Reduced Inflammation and Enhanced Regeneration

Clinical Efficacy of Extracellular Vesicle Therapy in Periodontitis: Reduced Inflammation and Enhanced Regeneration

Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Bone-Related Diseases: Intercellular Communication Messengers and Therapeutic Engineering Protagonists

Stem Cell-Based Acellular Therapy: Insight into Biogenesis, Bioengineering and Therapeutic Applications of Exosomes

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