Exosomes and cancer: from molecular mechanisms to clinical applications

Jafari, Ameneh; Babajani, Amirhesam; Abdollahpour‐Alitappeh, Meghdad; Ahmadi, Nayeb Ali; Rezaei‐Tavirani, Mostafa

doi:10.1007/s12032-021-01491-0

Cited by 55 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 160 publications

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“… 9 These challenges, along with the increasing trend of breast cancer in the last decade, make it fundamentally urgent to find more rational, efficient, innovative, and low-cost treatments. 10 , 11 Within this context, many novel strategies, especially those relating to stem cell biology, have been widely considered. 11 - 13 One of the exciting new ideas for stem cell cancer therapy is the possibility of using the amniotic membrane (AM).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tumor Targeting by Conditioned Medium Derived From Human Amniotic Membrane: New Insight in Breast Cancer Therapy

Jafari

Rezaei‐Tavirani

Niknejad

et al. 2021

Technol Cancer Res Treat

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Objectives: Traditional breast cancer treatments have challenges including inefficiency, multidrug resistance, severe side effects, and targeting non-specifically. The development of alternative treatment strategies has attracted a great deal of interest. Using the amniotic membrane has become a promising and convenient new approach for cancer therapy. This study aimed to evaluate the anti-cancer ability of conditioned medium extracted from the human amniotic membrane (hAM-CM) on breast cancer cells. Methods: Conditioned medium was collected after 48 h incubation of hAM in epithelial up manner. MTT, cell cycle, apoptosis, colony formation, and sphere assays were used to determine the impact of hAM-CM on breast cancer cell lines. The effects of hAM-CM on the migration and invasion of breast cancer cells were determined using scratch wound healing and transwell assays, respectively. Results: Based on the results, cell viability was significantly decreased by hAM-CM in a dose-dependent manner. The hAM-CM remarkably induced apoptosis and necrosis of cancer cells. Moreover, cell migration and invasion potential of cancer cells decreased after the hAM-CM treatment. Further, both the number of colonies and their morphologies were affected by the treatment. In the treated group, a significant decrease in the number of colonies along with an obvious change in their morphologies from holoclone shape to a dominant paracolone structure was observed. Conclusion: Our results indicate that the conditioned medium derived from the human amniotic membrane able to inhibit proliferation and metastasis of tumor cells and can be considered a natural and valuable candidate for breast cancer therapy.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tumor Targeting by Conditioned Medium Derived From Human Amniotic Membrane: New Insight in Breast Cancer Therapy

Jafari

Rezaei‐Tavirani

Niknejad

et al. 2021

Technol Cancer Res Treat

Self Cite

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“…In this context, a wide number of possible EXO biomarkers for different types of cancer have been discovered so far, including prostate adenocarcinoma [212], melanoma [213], pancreatic cancer [214], lung cancer [215], pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, and breast cancer [216]. Very interestingly, it was also demonstrated that the EXO-specific molecular cargoes change during cancer evolution [217], enabling discrimination among the various stages of the disease. The latter feature is extremely important, because it extends the spectrum of EV applications in diagnostics, which is not limited to hardly accessible tumors, but includes all types of cancers for diagnosis, staging, and monitoring purposes.…”

Section: Discussion and Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in the Label-Free Characterization of Exosomes for Cancer Liquid Biopsy: From Scattering and Spectroscopy to Nanoindentation and Nanodevices

et al. 2021

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Exosomes (EXOs) are nano-sized vesicles secreted by most cell types. They are abundant in bio-fluids and harbor specific molecular constituents from their parental cells. Due to these characteristics, EXOs have a great potential in cancer diagnostics for liquid biopsy and personalized medicine. Despite this unique potential, EXOs are not yet widely applied in clinical settings, with two main factors hindering their translational process in diagnostics. Firstly, conventional extraction methods are time-consuming, require large sample volumes and expensive equipment, and often do not provide high-purity samples. Secondly, characterization methods have some limitations, because they are often qualitative, need extensive labeling or complex sampling procedures that can induce artifacts. In this context, novel label-free approaches are rapidly emerging, and are holding potential to revolutionize EXO diagnostics. These methods include the use of nanodevices for EXO purification, and vibrational spectroscopies, scattering, and nanoindentation for characterization. In this progress report, we summarize recent key advances in label-free techniques for EXO purification and characterization. We point out that these methods contribute to reducing costs and processing times, provide complementary information compared to the conventional characterization techniques, and enhance flexibility, thus favoring the discovery of novel and unexplored EXO-based biomarkers. In this process, the impact of nanotechnology is systematically highlighted, showing how the effectiveness of these techniques can be enhanced using nanomaterials, such as plasmonic nanoparticles and nanostructured surfaces, which enable the exploitation of advanced physical phenomena occurring at the nanoscale level.

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“…Exosomes are an important part of the extracellular environment. Studies [ 22 ] have shown that there are about 2×10 15 exosomes in the normal human circulatory system, while there are up to 4×10 15 in tumor patients, and their heterogeneity can increase with tumor progression. A growing number of studies have shown that exosomes involved in the initiation and progression of a variety of tumors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tumor-derived exosomal circRNA_102481 contributes to EGFR-TKIs resistance via the miR-30a-5p/ROR1 axis in non-small cell lung cancer

Yang

Teng

Chang

et al. 2021

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Exosomes and cancer: from molecular mechanisms to clinical applications

Cited by 55 publications

References 160 publications

Tumor Targeting by Conditioned Medium Derived From Human Amniotic Membrane: New Insight in Breast Cancer Therapy

Tumor Targeting by Conditioned Medium Derived From Human Amniotic Membrane: New Insight in Breast Cancer Therapy

Recent Advances in the Label-Free Characterization of Exosomes for Cancer Liquid Biopsy: From Scattering and Spectroscopy to Nanoindentation and Nanodevices

Tumor-derived exosomal circRNA_102481 contributes to EGFR-TKIs resistance via the miR-30a-5p/ROR1 axis in non-small cell lung cancer

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