Exosomes and breast cancer: a comprehensive review of novel therapeutic strategies from diagnosis to treatment

Cy, Wu; Du, Shiwei; Zhang, Jingwan; Al, Liang; Yj, Liu

doi:10.1038/cgt.2016.69

Cited by 63 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…Because of their excellent stability, exosomes became one of the most popular biomarkers in clinical diagnosis, providing great sensitivity and specificity compared with biomarkers detected in conventional specimens, serum and urine. These exosomes are widely released in the body fluid . It is a very convenient way to monitor disease from the body fluid.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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ATF1 and RAS in exosomes are potential clinical diagnostic markers for cervical cancer

Shi

Wang

Yang

et al. 2017

Cell Biochemistry & Function

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Cervical cancer is one of the most common cancers among women worldwide. It is highly lethal yet can be treated when found in early stage. Thus, early detection is of significant important for early diagnosis of cervical cancer. Exosomes have been used as biomarkers in clinical diagnosis. It is unknown that whether blood exosomes associated with cervical cancer can be detected and if these exosomes can accurately represent the developmental stage of cervical cancer. Mouse models were made out of a relapsed cervical cancer patient's tumour sample for original and recurrent cervical cancer, and gene analysis in both tumours and exosomes in these mouse models were performed. We found that activating transcription factor 1 (ATF1) and RAS genes were significantly up-regulated in tumours of both primary and recurrent cervical cancer mouse model, and they can also be detected in the blood exosomes of the mouse model. Our results indicated that ATF1 and RAS could be potential candidate biomarkers for cervical cancer in early diagnosis. ATF1 and RAS genes were found significantly elevated in tumours of primary and recurrent cervical cancer mouse model, and they were also detected in the blood exosomes. Therefore, ATF1 and RAS could be used as a diagnostic marker for cervical cancer in the future.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These exosomes are widely released in the body fluid. 15,16 It is a very convenient way to monitor disease from the body fluid. And blood is the best body fluid resource for exosomes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ATF1 and RAS in exosomes are potential clinical diagnostic markers for cervical cancer

Shi

Wang

Yang

et al. 2017

Cell Biochemistry & Function

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“…Exosomal miRNAs have been reported to be one of the most important agents involved in BC tumorigenesis, metastasis, recurrence, and resistance against chemotherapeutic agents. Exosomal miRNAs are also an excellent candidate for diagnosis and treatment of BC . There are some papers reviewing the roles of miRNAs (both exosomal and naked) in the behavior and fate of BC cells.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging roles of exosomal miRNAs in breast cancer drug resistance

Najminejad

Kalantar

Abdollahpour‐Alitappeh³

et al. 2019

IUBMB Life

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Breast cancer (BC), as a heterogeneous disease, is considered as one of the most common malignancies in women worldwide. The resistance of BC cells to therapeutic agents has remained a big challenge in the treatment of BC patients. Some factors such as cytokines, exosomes, and soluble receptors were recognized as crucial agents involved in the development of drug resistance. However, the exact mechanisms underlying the drug resistance is still unknown. There is growing evidence to support the emerging roles of exosomes, especially exosomal miRNAs, in tumor initiation, angiogenesis, proliferation, migration, invasion, metastasis, and drug resistance. Therefore, identification of BC-specific exosomal miRNAs and their underlying mechanisms would be helpful to define sensitivity to therapeutic drugs and establish an appropriate therapeutic strategy. This review focuses mainly on the roles of exosomal miRNAs and their associated mechanisms in the resistance of BC cells to therapeutic agents, as well as critically examines the potential of these macromolecules as a treatment biomarker in BC patients. K E Y W O R D Sbreast cancer, exosomes, drug resistance, therapeutics, exosomal miRNA, microRNA 1 | INTRODUCTION Breast cancer (BC), after skin cancer, was reported to be the most common malignancy in women worldwide. 1 Conversely, BC was showed to have a low incidence rate in men, approximately 1%. BC does not kill in primary stage. It was shown that the 5-year survival rates are 99%, 84%, and 23% for women with localized BC, regional stage, and

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“…However, it is now understood that EVs can be taken up by recipient cells via several uptake pathways and can deliver their cargo into the recipient cells . This transfer of EVs from donor to recipient cells appears to be an important facet of the communication that occurs between cells and plays a role in many biological processes . It is not surprising, then, that they are deregulated in diseases and can play a role in many aspects of cancer progression, including in angiogenesis, proliferation, evasion of the immune response, regulation of metabolism, and avoidance of apoptosis and metastasis …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms of Drug Resistance in Cancer: The Role of Extracellular Vesicles

2017

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Drug resistance remains a major barrier to the successful treatment of cancer. The mechanisms by which therapeutic resistance arises are multifactorial. Recent evidence has shown that extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a role in mediating drug resistance. EVs are small vesicles carrying a variety of macromolecular cargo released by cells into the extracellular space and can be taken up into recipient cells, resulting in transfer of cellular material. EVs can mediate drug resistance by several mechanisms. They can serve as a pathway for sequestration of cytotoxic drugs, reducing the effective concentration at target sites. They can act as decoys carrying membrane proteins and capturing monoclonal antibodies intended to target receptors at the cell surface. EVs from resistant tumor cells can deliver mRNA, miRNA, long noncoding RNA, and protein inducing resistance in sensitive cells. This provides a new model for how resistance that arises can then spread through a heterogeneous tumor. EVs also mediate cross-talk between cancer cells and stromal cells in the tumor microenvironment, leading to tumor progression and acquisition of therapeutic resistance. In this review, we will describe what is known about how EVs can induce drug resistance, and discuss the ways in which EVs could be used as therapeutic targets or diagnostic markers for managing cancer treatment. While further characterization of the vesiculome and the mechanisms of EV function are still required, EVs offer an exciting opportunity in the fight against cancer.

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Exosomes and breast cancer: a comprehensive review of novel therapeutic strategies from diagnosis to treatment

Cited by 63 publications

References 65 publications

ATF1 and RAS in exosomes are potential clinical diagnostic markers for cervical cancer

ATF1 and RAS in exosomes are potential clinical diagnostic markers for cervical cancer

Emerging roles of exosomal miRNAs in breast cancer drug resistance

Mechanisms of Drug Resistance in Cancer: The Role of Extracellular Vesicles

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