Exosomes

Yellon, Derek M.; Davidson, Sean M.

doi:10.1161/circresaha.113.300636

Cited by 165 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 83 publications

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“…As yet, the mechanism of RIC is unknown although evidence for several mediators has been presented, including SDF-1a andIl-10 (Cai et al 2012, Davidson et al 2013). As vehicles able to deliver multiple signals between cells, EVs had been proposed as possible candidates for carriers of the cardioprotective factor released by RIC (Yellon & Davidson 2014). A study by Giricz et al (2014) suggested that this may be the case, since RIC was not effective when EVs were removed from medium containing the factor.…”

Section: Evs As a Potential Therapy For Cardiometabolic Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Microvesicles and exosomes: new players in metabolic and cardiovascular disease

Lawson¹,

Vicencio²,

Yellon³

et al. 2016

Journal of Endocrinology

282

241

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The past decade has witnessed an exponential increase in the number of publications referring to extracellular vesicles (EVs). For many years considered to be extracellular debris, EVs are now seen as novel mediators of endocrine signalling via cell-to-cell communication.With the capability of transferring proteins and nucleic acids from one cell to another, they have become an attractive focus of research for different pathological settings and are now regarded as both mediators and biomarkers of disease including cardio-metabolic disease. They also offer therapeutic potential as signalling agents capable of targeting tissues or cells with specific peptides or miRNAs. In this review, we focus on the role that microvesicles (MVs) and exosomes, the two most studied classes of EV, have in diabetes, cardiovascular disease, endothelial dysfunction, coagulopathies, and polycystic ovary syndrome. We also provide an overview of current developments in MV/exosome isolation techniques from plasma and other fluids, comparing different available commercial and non-commercial methods. We describe different techniques for their optical/biochemical characterization and quantitation. We also review the signalling pathways that exosomes and MVs activate in target cells and provide some insight into their use as biomarkers or potential therapeutic agents. In summary, we give an updated focus on the role that these exciting novel nanoparticles offer for the endocrine community.

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Section: Evs As a Potential Therapy For Cardiometabolic Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Microvesicles and exosomes: new players in metabolic and cardiovascular disease

Lawson¹,

Vicencio²,

Yellon³

et al. 2016

Journal of Endocrinology

282

241

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…As a kind of paracrine messenger, exosomes mediate the cell-cell communication. 3,4 Exosomes are membranous vesicles with a diameter <100 nM. 5,6 They are mainly formed from the inward budding of multi-vesicular bodies and are shed from both healthy and diseased cells.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Macrophage-Derived mir-155-Containing Exosomes Suppress Fibroblast Proliferation and Promote Fibroblast Inflammation during Cardiac Injury

et al. 2017

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Inflammation plays an important role in cardiac injuries. Here, we examined the role of miRNA in regulating inflammation and cardiac injury during myocardial infarction. We showed that mir-155 expression was increased in the mouse heart after myocardial infarction. Upregulated mir-155 was primarily presented in macrophages and cardiac fibroblasts of injured hearts, while pri-mir-155 was only expressed in macrophages. mir-155 was also presented in exosomes derived from macrophages, and it can be transferred into cardiac fibroblasts by macrophagederived exosomes. A mir-155 mimic or mir-155 containing exosomes inhibited cardiac fibroblast proliferation by downregulating Son of Sevenless 1 expression and promoted inflammation by decreasing Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 1 expression. These effects were reversed by the addition of a mir-155 inhibitor. In vivo, mir-155-deficient mice showed a significant reduction of the incidence of cardiac rupture and an improved cardiac function compared with wild-type mice. Moreover, transfusion of wild-type macrophage exosomes to mir-155 À/À mice exacerbated cardiac rupture. Finally, the mir-155-deficient mice exhibited elevated fibroblast proliferation and collagen production, along with reduced cardiac inflammation in injured heart. Taken together, our results demonstrate that activated macrophages secrete mir-155-enriched exosomes and identify macrophagederived mir-155 as a paracrine regulator for fibroblast proliferation and inflammation; thus, a mir-155 inhibitor (i.e., mir-155 antagomir) has the potential to be a therapeutic agent for reducing acute myocardial-infarction-related adverse events.

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“…It is now understood that all cells likely release EVs, making them attractive clinical diagnostic and therapeutic targets for a range of diseases (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8). EVs are abundant in various biological fluids, including blood, urine, and cerebrospinal fluid, but because they are released by different mechanisms and by many different cells types, EVs in biofluids can be very heterogeneous.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

High sensitivity flow cytometry of membrane vesicles

et al. 2015

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Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are attracting attention as vehicles for inter-cellular signaling that may have value as diagnostic or therapeutic targets. EVs are released by many cell types and by different mechanisms, resulting in phenotypic heterogeneity that makes them a challenge to study. Flow cytometry is a popular tool for characterizing heterogeneous mixtures of particles such as cell types within blood, but the small size of EVs makes them difficult to measure using conventional flow cytometry. To address this limitation, a high sensitivity flow cytometer was constructed and EV measurement approaches that allowed them to enumerate and estimate the size of individual EVs, as well as measure the presence of surface markers to identify phenotypic subsets of EVs. Several fluorescent membrane probes were evaluated and it was found that the voltage sensing dye di-8-ANEPPS could produce vesicle fluorescence in proportion to vesicle surface area, allowing for accurate measurements of EV number and size. Fluorescence-labeled annexin V and anti-CD61 antibody was used to measure the abundance of these surface markers on EVs in rat plasma. It was shown that treatment of platelet rich plasma with calcium ionophore resulted in an increase in the fraction of annexin V and CD61-positive EVs. Vesicle flow cytometry using fluorescence-based detection of EVs has the potential to realize the potential of cell-derived membrane vesicles as functional biomarkers for a variety of applications. V C 2015 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry

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Exosomes

Cited by 165 publications

References 83 publications

Microvesicles and exosomes: new players in metabolic and cardiovascular disease

Microvesicles and exosomes: new players in metabolic and cardiovascular disease

Macrophage-Derived mir-155-Containing Exosomes Suppress Fibroblast Proliferation and Promote Fibroblast Inflammation during Cardiac Injury

High sensitivity flow cytometry of membrane vesicles

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