Exosome-functionalized magnesium-organic framework-based scaffolds with osteogenic, angiogenic and anti-inflammatory properties for accelerated bone regeneration

Drug-loaded balloon with built-in NIR controlled tip-separable microneedles for long-effective arteriosclerosis treatment

“…PCL is an interesting material for bone tissue engineering scaffolds and other applications due to its excellent mechanical property, good biocompatibility and slow degradation that as long as more than one year in vivo [ 24 , 25 ]. Due to the faster degradation rate of PLGA [ 26 , 27 ], it was added to PCL to formulate mixtures as MN materials which were expected to release drug from weeks to months. Biocompatible light-cured resin was utilized to firmly connect the tip of the needle to the balloon surface.…”

Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles for Bone Defect Repair

“…There are various types of scaffolds in BTE, including collagen sponge scaffolds [ 95 ], β-TCP scaffolds [ 22 ], hydroxyapatite (HA) scaffolds [ 14 ], calcium sulfate cement scaffolds [ 96 ], bioactive glass [ 41 ], polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffolds [ 97 ], and other innovative synthetic scaffolds [ 19 ], which should be selected appropriately according to their different properties when applied to the regeneration of bone defects. For example, compared with other bone substitutes, the translucent collagen sponge is an ideal scaffold for the detection of MSC-Exos in periodontal tissue regeneration and is commonly used as a scaffold material for carrying Exos in periodontal defect models [ 98 ].…”

“…Therefore, to achieve the slow and sustained release of EVs required for treatment and improve the efficiency of drug administration, many explorations have been carried out. Through the synthesis of degradable copolymer poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) and metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), Yue et al [ 19 ] developed an Exo-functionalized PLGA/Mg-GA MOF (PLGA/Exo-MG-GA MOF) scaffold with a unique nanostructure that achieved the controlled release of cargo, thereby effectively promoting osteogenesis and angiogenesis and alleviating inflammation. In addition, some scholars have explored the application effect of the combination of synthetic scaffolds and reagents.…”

“…However, there are still some disadvantages, such as phenotypic changes, low homing efficiency, and low cell viability, which limit the application of MSCs in bone defect repair [ 13 ]. In recent years, cell-free therapy for bone regeneration has attracted extensive attention [ 19 , 20 ]. Accumulating evidence indicates that the positive effect of MSCs on tissue repair is to stimulate the activity of tissue-resident receptor cells through paracrine rather than directly differentiate into parenchymal cells to repair or replace damaged tissue [ 21 , 22 ].…”

Novel multifunctional dexamethasone carbon dots synthesized using the one-pot green method for anti-inflammatory, osteogenesis, and osteoimmunomodulatory in bone regeneration

“…After implanting, the initial acute inflammatory response resulting from biomaterials may lead to the failure of the bone graft, as such, exploring new bone repair materials with anti-inflammatory properties is also a huge challenge. 23 In addition, it has been reported that elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) inhibit osteogenic differentiation, further leading to the failure of bone regeneration led by a bone graft. [24][25][26] The immune system additionally plays an important role in the process of bone tissue repair, macrophages can initiate an immune response to accelerate bone tissue healing.…”