Exosome: An Emerging Source of Biomarkers for Human Diseases

Xu, Li; Wu, Long‐Fei; Deng, Fei‐Yan

doi:10.2174/1566524019666190429144310

Cited by 38 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…In contrast to other EVs such as apoptotic bodies, smaller exosomes (10-100 nm) are produced as intraluminal vesicles with multivesicular bodies (MVBs) and are released into the extraluminal space as a result of the fusion of MVBs with the plasma membrane [31]. Exosome secretion is a spontaneous physiological phenomenon, thought to be important for cellular integrity [32,33]. Based on their distinct content and their interactions with recipient cells, exosomes are now believed to convey 'encrypted' information [34].…”

Section: Mirs Mobility In the Tmementioning

confidence: 99%

MicroRNAs as Emerging Regulators of Signaling in the Tumor Microenvironment

Syed

Brüne

2020

Cancers

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A myriad of signaling molecules in a heuristic network of the tumor microenvironment (TME) pose a challenge and an opportunity for novel therapeutic target identification in human cancers. MicroRNAs (miRs), due to their ability to affect signaling pathways at various levels, take a prominent space in the quest of novel cancer therapeutics. The role of miRs in cancer initiation, progression, as well as in chemoresistance, is being increasingly investigated. The canonical function of miRs is to target mRNAs for post-transcriptional gene silencing, which has a great implication in first-order regulation of signaling pathways. However, several reports suggest that miRs also perform non-canonical functions, partly due to their characteristic non-coding small RNA nature. Examples emerge when they act as ligands for toll-like receptors or perform second-order functions, e.g., to regulate protein translation and interactions. This review is a compendium of recent advancements in understanding the role of miRs in cancer signaling and focuses on the role of miRs as novel regulators of the signaling pathway in the TME.

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Section: Mirs Mobility In the Tmementioning

confidence: 99%

MicroRNAs as Emerging Regulators of Signaling in the Tumor Microenvironment

Syed

Brüne

2020

Cancers

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“…Exosomes are cell-derived vesicles with diameters of 30-100 nm. Studies have confirmed exosomes are present in many body fluids, including blood, urine, and saliva 4 . CircRNA have been found to be stably present in exosomes, and could serve as novel non-invasive biomarkers 5 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

circRNA-002178 act as a ceRNA to promote PDL1/PD1 expression in lung adenocarcinoma

et al. 2020

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Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been identified play a vital role in various different types of cancer via sponging miRNAs (microRNAs). However, their role in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) remains largely unclear. In this study, we systematically characterized the circRNA expression profiles in the LUAD cancer tissues and paired adjacent noncancerous tissues. Three circRNAs were found to be significantly upregulated. Among them, has-circRNA-002178 was further confirmed to be upregulated in the LUAD tissues, and LUAD cancer cells. Subsequently, we also found has-circRNA-002178 could enhance PDL1 expression via sponging miR-34 in cancer cells to induce T-cell exhaustion. More importantly, circRNA-002178 could be detected in exosomes of plasma from LUAD patients and could serve as biomarkers for LUAD early diagnosis. Finally, we found circRNA-002178 could be delivered into CD8 + T cells to induce PD1 expression via exosomes. Taken together, our study revealed that circRNA-002178 could act as a ceRNA to promote PDL1/PD1 expression in lung adenocarcinoma.

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“…Originally considered cellular waste, EXO have emerged as important ‘packets’ of molecular information, reflective of the physiologic and pathologic state of the source cell [ 120 , 121 , 122 , 123 , 124 ]. Their presence in most body fluids and content of a repertoire of proteins [ 124 , 125 , 126 , 127 ], mRNAs, and miRNAs [ 124 , 128 ] has raised excitement for potential in disease diagnostics [ 129 ]. Saliva exosomes, for example, are under intensive study for early disease biomarkers [ 130 ].…”

Section: Exosome-based Therapiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selective Antimicrobial Therapies for Periodontitis: Win the “Battle and the War”

Elashiry

Morandini

Timothius

et al. 2021

IJMS

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Traditional antimicrobial therapies for periodontitis (PD) have long focused on non-selective and direct approaches. Professional cleaning of the subgingival biofilm by instrumentation of dental root surfaces, known as scaling and root planning (SRP), is the mainstay of periodontal therapy and is indisputably effective. Non-physical approaches used as adjuncts to SRP, such as chemical and biological agents, will be the focus of this review. In this regard, traditional agents such as oral antiseptics and antibiotics, delivered either locally or systemically, were briefly reviewed as a backdrop. While generally effective in winning the “battle” against PD in the short term, by reducing its signs and symptoms, patients receiving such therapies are more susceptible to recurrence of PD. Moreover, the long-term consequences of such therapies are still in question. In particular, concern about chronic use of systemic antibiotics and their influence on the oral and gut microbiota is warranted, considering antibiotic resistance plasmids, and potential transfer between oral and non-oral microbes. In the interest of winning the “battle and the war”, new more selective and targeted antimicrobials and biologics for PD are being studied. These are principally indirect, blocking pathways involved in bacterial colonization, nutrient acquisition, inflammation or cellular invasion without directly killing the pathogens. This review will focus on current and prospective antimicrobial therapies for PD, emphasizing therapies that act indirectly on the microbiota, with clearly defined cellular and molecular targets.

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Exosome: An Emerging Source of Biomarkers for Human Diseases

Cited by 38 publications

References 65 publications

MicroRNAs as Emerging Regulators of Signaling in the Tumor Microenvironment

MicroRNAs as Emerging Regulators of Signaling in the Tumor Microenvironment

circRNA-002178 act as a ceRNA to promote PDL1/PD1 expression in lung adenocarcinoma

Selective Antimicrobial Therapies for Periodontitis: Win the “Battle and the War”

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