Exosomal Non-Coding RNAs: Regulatory and Therapeutic Target of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Abstract

Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles secreted by most somatic cells, which can carry a variety of biologically active substances to participate in intercellular communication and regulate the pathophysiological process of recipient cells. Recent studies have confirmed that non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) carried by tumor cell/non-tumor cell-derived exosomes have the function of regulating the cancerous derivation of target cells and remodeling the tumor microenvironment (TME). In addition, due to the unique low immunogenicity and high stability, exosomes can be used as natural vehicles for the delivery of therapeutic ncRNAs in vivo. This article aims to review the potential regulatory mechanism and the therapeutic value of exosomal ncRNAs in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), in order to provide promising targets for early diagnosis and precise therapy of HCC.

Extracellular Vesicles-ceRNAs as Ovarian Cancer Biomarkers: Looking into circRNA-miRNA-mRNA Code

“…EV proteins maintain their biological functions, including antigen presentation, protein cleavage, and pathway activation. Similarly, the nucleic acids, shuttled by EVs, maintain their bioactivity: mRNAs can be translated into target cells, and regulatory ncRNAs, as miRNAs and circRNAs, can mediate RNA-silencing, allowing a dynamic and fine regulation of gene expression [ 45 ]. Furthermore, EVs play a key role in intercellular communication and have been associated with several physiological and pathological functions [ 46 , 47 ].…”

Novel extracellular RNA biomarkers for early stage hepatocellular cancer

“…The biological roles of extracellular RNA in HCC are emerging. RNA present within extracellular vesicles (EVs) can contribute towards tumorigenesis, growth and metastases in HCC (5)(6)(7)(8). EV can be detected in tissues and body fluids, and thus the detection of EV RNA appears promising for the detection of diseases associated markers.…”