Exosomal miR‐205‐5p derived from periodontal ligament stem cells attenuates the inflammation of chronic periodontitis via targeting XBP1

Abstract

Introduction Chronic periodontitis (CP) is an inflammatory periodontal disease with high incidence and complex pathology. This research is aimed to investigate the function of exosomal miR‐205‐5p (Exo‐miR‐205‐5p) in CP and the underlying molecular mechanisms. Method Exo‐miR‐205‐5p was isolated from miR‐205‐5p mimics‐transfected periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs), and subsequently cocultured with lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced cells or injected into LPS‐treated rats. The mRNA expression of inflammatory factors and Th17/Treg‐related factors were measured by quantitative real‐time PCR. The contents of inflammatory factors and the percentages of Th17/Treg cells were measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay and flow cytometry, respectively. Besides, the target relation between miR‐205‐5p and X‐box binding protein 1 (XBP1) was explored. Results MiR‐205‐5p was downregulated in LPS‐induced PDLSCs and corresponding exosomes. Exo‐miR‐205‐5p inhibited inflammatory cell infiltration, decreased the production of TNF‐α, IL‐1β, and IL‐6, and decreased the percentage of Th17 cells in LPS‐treated rats. In addition, XBP1 was a target of miR‐205‐5p. Overexpression of XBP1 weakened the effects of Exo‐miR‐205‐5p on inhibiting inflammation and regulating Treg/Th17 balance in LPS‐induced cells. Conclusions Exo‐miR‐205‐5p derived from PDLSCs relieves the inflammation and balances the Th17/Treg cells in CP through targeting XBP1.

Micro-RNA (miRNA) epigenetic profiling of plasma small extracellular vesicles (sEV) – sEV miRNA as diagnostic biomarker of fertility

“…RNA content engulfed in EV differ profoundly to the RNA from non-EV origin, indicating that RNA, including miRNAs are selectively packaged into sEV during exosome biogenesis (43). The vesicular membrane serves as protection for fragile nucleotide sequences such as miRNA (44), otherwise they will be degraded by target complementary RNA sequences via 3′UTR direct binding (45). Therefore, the differential expression of the 14 miRNAs in sEV compared to the plasma may indicate a selective sEV miRNA packaging mechanism.…”

A comparative analysis of small extracellular vesicle (sEV) micro-RNA (miRNA) isolation and sequencing procedures in blood plasma samples

“…During exosome biogenesis, RNA molecules including miRNA are selectively packaged into sEV [54] , and many studies have reported that the EV RNA profiles differ profoundly from those of their cells of origin [55] . The vesicular membrane protects many unstable small RNA species [56,57] and usually inhibits their activity on target RNA sequences via 3'UTR direct binding [58,59] . Transforming growth factor-beta-3 (TGFβ3) mRNA's 3'UTR site is a direct target of miR-381-3p [46] .…”

Emerging roles of exosomes in oral diseases progression

“… 176 A similar macrophage transformation also occurs with chitosan hydrogel-engineered DPSC-derived exosomes via miR-1246. 177 In addition, MSC-derived exosomal miR-1246 178 and PDLSC-derived exosomal miR-155-5p 179 /miR-205-5p 180 inhibit inflammation by balancing the Th17/Treg ratio.…”