Exosomal Long Noncoding <scp>RNA</scp>s are Differentially Expressed in the Cervicovaginal Lavage Samples of Cervical Cancer Patients

Zhang, Jin; Liu, Shuangchun; Luo, Xinhua; Guo-xian, Tao; Guan, Ming; Yuan, Hong; Hu, Dakang

doi:10.1002/jcla.21990

Cited by 115 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 25 publications

(33 reference statements)

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“…In contrast, MEG-3 is down regulated in cancer patient lavage compared to the control group. Further analysis revealed that HPV infection might regulate the exosomal lncRNAs secretion, since the level of these transcripts varies between HPV positive patients and the negative control group (39). …”

Section: Exosome Lncrnas As Potential Cancer Biomarkersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exosomal lncRNAs as new players in cell-to-cell communication

2018

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Neoplastic cells use various intercellular communication mechanisms in order to adapt to the local microenvironment, manipulate the immune system, and facilitate metastasis. Exosomes release is a new mechanism of cell-to-cell communication. These nanovesicles enclose various types of molecules including lipids, proteins, DNA, messenger RNA (mRNA) and non-coding RNAs [microRNA and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA)]. lncRNAs are over 200 nt long transcripts, that exhibit no coding potential, but are crucial regulators of physiological processes and are deregulated in cancer. In this review, we will discuss the role of exosomal lncRNAs in cancer, which is an incipient research field that could bring new insights to the vast domain of intercellular communication. Exosomal lncRNAs seem to be promising biomarkers for any type of cancer. The exact role of exosomal lncRNAs is not fully revealed. Several studies show that cancer derived exosomal lncRNAs are functional and can transmit to neighboring cells different phenotypic patterns, like drug resistance and increased angiogenesis. We further discuss the mechanistic function of exosomal lncRNAs, and hypothesize that the crowded exosomal content can be a suitable place of RNA species crosstalk. Finally, we assume that lncRNAs could be a loading vehicle for miRNAs, mRNAs and other complex molecules into the exosome but future studies are required to confirm these hypotheses.

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Section: Exosome Lncrnas As Potential Cancer Biomarkersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exosomal lncRNAs as new players in cell-to-cell communication

2018

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“…98 Exosomes, which are an important part of the microenvironment, range in size from 40 to 150 nm and represent a subset of multi-vesicular bodies (MVB). [97][98][99][100][101][102][103][104][105][106][107] They are formed by inward budding of the limiting membrane of MVB and are released from the cell into the extracellular environment upon fusion of the MVB and the plasma membrane. Exosomes contain a concentrated group of functional molecules including proteins, lipids, mRNAs, non-coding RNAs and DNA molecules.…”

Section: Role Of the Microenvironment And Exosomes In Emt And Cscsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…102 Other studies have shown that exosomes derived from cancer cells have an important role in premetastatic niche formation (Figure 1). [103][104][105][106][107] Peinado et al 103 showed in a series of elegant experiments that melanoma exosomes could educate bone marrow progenitor cells into a prometastatic phenotype through MET. The accumulating data would suggest that exosomes mediate communication at both the primary and metastatic tumor sites and that the content of the exosomes can induce a pro-tumorigenic niche and support cell transformation.…”

Section: Role Of the Microenvironment And Exosomes In Emt And Cscsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The evolving concept of cancer stem-like cells in thyroid cancer and other solid tumors

Hardin

Zhang

Helein

et al. 2017

Laboratory Investigation

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The cancer stem-like cell (CSC) hypothesis postulates that a small population of cells in a cancer has self-renewal and clonal tumor initiation properties. These cells are responsible for tumor initiation, growth, recurrence and for resistance to chemotherapy and radiation therapy. CSCs can be characterized using markers such as SSEA-1, SSEA-4, CD44, CD24, ALDEFLUOR and others. CSCs form spheres when they are cultured in serum-free condition in low attachment plates and can generate tumors when injected into immune-deficient mice. During epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), cells lose cellular adhesion and polarity and acquire an invasive phenotype. Recent studies have established a relationship between EMT and increased numbers of CSCs in some solid malignancies. Non-coding RNAs such as microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been shown to have important roles during EMT and some of these molecules also have regulatory roles in the proliferation of CSCs. Specific lncRNAs enhanced cell migration and invasion in breast carcinomas, which was associated with the generation of stem cell properties. The tumor microenvironment of CSCs also has an important role in tumor progression. Recent studies have shown that the interaction between tumor cells and the local microenvironment at the metastatic site leads to the development of premetastatic niche(s) and allows for the proliferation of the metastatic cells during colonization. The role of exosomes in the microenvironment during the EMT program is currently a major area of research. This review examines CSCs and the relationship between EMT and CSCs in solid tumors with emphasis on thyroid CSCs. The role of non-coding RNAs and of the microenvironment in EMT and in tumor progression are also examined. This review also highlights the growing number of studies that show the close association of EMT and CSCs and the role of exosomes and other elements of the tissue microenvironment in CSC metastasis. A better understanding of these mechanisms will lead to more effective targeting of primary and metastatic malignancies.

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“…Exosomes are small membranous vesicles (30‐100 nm) present in all biological fluids . Exosomes carry proteins and genetic materials, including DNA, mRNA and noncoding RNA, capable of revealing genetic information related to their parent cells .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

TGF‐β‐mediated exosomal lnc‐MMP2‐2 regulates migration and invasion of lung cancer cells to the vasculature by promoting MMP2 expression

Deng

et al. 2018

Cancer Medicine

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Previous studies indicated that transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β‐mediated exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs) regulate the migration and invasion of lung cancer cells; however, whether and how TGF‐β‐mediated exosomal long noncoding (lnc) RNAs regulate migration and invasion of lung cancer cells remains unclear. Here, coculture experiments showed that TGF‐β pretreatment increased the migration and invasion potential of lung cancer cells and TGF‐β pretreated A549 cells increases vascular permeability. Furthermore, we found that TGF‐β‐mediated exosomes, as carriers of intercellular communication, regulated lung cancer invasion, and vascular permeability. Transcriptional analysis also revealed that lnc‐MMP2‐2 was highly enriched in TGF‐β‐mediated exosomes and might function by increasing the expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)2 through its enhancer activity, with ectopic expression and silencing of lnc‐MMP2‐2 affecting lung cancer invasion and vascular permeability. Additionally, lnc‐MMP2‐2 and MMP2 expression was assessed semiquantitatively, and tissue‐specific correlations between lnc‐MMP2‐2 and MMP2 expression were evaluated. These results suggested that exosomal lnc‐MMP2‐2 might regulate the migration and invasion of lung cancer cells into the vasculature by promoting MMP2 expression, suggesting this lncRNA as a novel therapeutic target and predictive marker of tumor metastasis in lung cancer.

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Exosomal Long Noncoding RNAs are Differentially Expressed in the Cervicovaginal Lavage Samples of Cervical Cancer Patients

Cited by 115 publications

References 25 publications

Exosomal lncRNAs as new players in cell-to-cell communication

Exosomal lncRNAs as new players in cell-to-cell communication

The evolving concept of cancer stem-like cells in thyroid cancer and other solid tumors

TGF‐β‐mediated exosomal lnc‐MMP2‐2 regulates migration and invasion of lung cancer cells to the vasculature by promoting MMP2 expression

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