Exosomal circular RNAs: Biogenesis, effect, and application in cardiovascular diseases

Hu, Xiaoyi; Qin, Hongran; Yan, Yizhong; Wu, Wenhui; Gong, Shan Shan; Wang, Lan; Jiang, Rong; Zhao, Qin‐Hua; Sun, Yuanyuan; Qian, Wang; Wang, Shang; Zhao, Hui; Yuan, Ping

doi:10.3389/fcell.2022.948256

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 112 publications

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“…Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) is a type of noncoding RNA (ncRNA) with a length of more than 200 nucleotides that induces DNA‐related effects that regulate transcription, epigenetics, protein/RNA stability, translational, and posttranslational modification 101 . Circular RNA (circRNA) is a covalently closed single‐stranded RNA that acts as a transcriptional regulator, miRNA sponge, and protein scaffold 102–104 . Its unique circular structure makes it less susceptible to degradation by RNA hydrolases 105–107 .…”

Section: Exosomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 101 Circular RNA (circRNA) is a covalently closed single‐stranded RNA that acts as a transcriptional regulator, miRNA sponge, and protein scaffold. 102 , 103 , 104 Its unique circular structure makes it less susceptible to degradation by RNA hydrolases. 105 , 106 , 107 Hence, circRNAs have a longer half‐life than linear RNAs, making them potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets.…”

Section: Exosomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exosomes in brain diseases: Pathogenesis and therapeutic targets

Pang

et al. 2023

MedComm

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Exosomes are extracellular vesicles with diameters of about 100 nm that are naturally secreted by cells into body fluids. They are derived from endosomes and are wrapped in lipid membranes. Exosomes are involved in intracellular metabolism and intercellular communication. They contain nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, and metabolites from the cell microenvironment and cytoplasm. The contents of exosomes can reflect their cells’ origin and allow the observation of tissue changes and cell states under disease conditions. Naturally derived exosomes have specific biomolecules that act as the “fingerprint” of the parent cells, and the contents changed under pathological conditions can be used as biomarkers for disease diagnosis. Exosomes have low immunogenicity, are small in size, and can cross the blood–brain barrier. These characteristics make exosomes unique as engineering carriers. They can incorporate therapeutic drugs and achieve targeted drug delivery. Exosomes as carriers for targeted disease therapy are still in their infancy, but exosome engineering provides a new perspective for cell‐free disease therapy. This review discussed exosomes and their relationship with the occurrence and treatment of some neuropsychiatric diseases. In addition, future applications of exosomes in the diagnosis and treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders were evaluated in this review.

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Section: Exosomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Exosomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exosomes in brain diseases: Pathogenesis and therapeutic targets

Pang

et al. 2023

MedComm

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“…The EVs’ cargo is known to include proteins and nucleic acids such as DNA, mRNA and a variety of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) that, when released in target cells, differentially regulate gene expression [ 23 , 24 , 25 ]. Exosomes not only regulate physiological states, such as tissue regeneration, immune surveillance and stem cell plasticity [ 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 ], but also participate in the pathophysiology of CVD, neurodegenerative diseases and malignant tumors [ 30 , 31 , 32 ] and have potential value for precise diagnosis, prognosis assessment and disease treatment. Moreover, given their biological role, EVs can affect the pathogenesis of CVD and tumor progression [ 33 , 34 , 35 ].…”

Section: Evs Biology and Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Basic Pathogenic Mechanisms and Epigenetic Players Promoted by Extracellular Vesicles in Vascular Damage

Schiano

Balbi²,

Nigris

et al. 2023

IJMS

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Both progression from the early pathogenic events to clinically manifest cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and cancer impact the integrity of the vascular system. Pathological vascular modifications are affected by interplay between endothelial cells and their microenvironment. Soluble factors, extracellular matrix molecules and extracellular vesicles (EVs) are emerging determinants of this network that trigger specific signals in target cells. EVs have gained attention as package of molecules with epigenetic reversible activity causing functional vascular changes, but their mechanisms are not well understood. Valuable insights have been provided by recent clinical studies, including the investigation of EVs as potential biomarkers of these diseases. In this paper, we review the role and the mechanism of exosomal epigenetic molecules during the vascular remodeling in coronary heart disease as well as in cancer-associated neoangiogenesis.

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“…New horizons in modern CAD therapy for successful drug delivery were opened by EVs (exosomes) [ 172 ]. Such key qualities of EVs as low immunogenicity, high physicochemical stability, the ability to penetrate tissues, and the innate ability to bind to other cells ensured their therapeutic application [ 173 ].…”

Section: Circrnas Are Promising Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets Fo...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Circular RNAs Variously Participate in Coronary Atherogenesis

Dergunova,

Vinogradina,

Filippenkov

et al. 2023

CIMB

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Over the past decade, numerous studies have shown that circular RNAs (circRNAs) play a significant role in coronary artery atherogenesis and other cardiovascular diseases. They belong to the class of non-coding RNAs and arise as a result of non-canonical splicing of premature RNA, which results in the formation of closed single-stranded circRNA molecules that lack 5′-end caps and 3′-end poly(A) tails. circRNAs have broad post-transcriptional regulatory activity. Acting as a sponge for miRNAs, circRNAs compete with mRNAs for binding to miRNAs, acting as competing endogenous RNAs. Numerous circRNAs are involved in the circRNA–miRNA–mRNA regulatory axes associated with the pathogenesis of cardiomyopathy, chronic heart failure, hypertension, atherosclerosis, and coronary artery disease. Recent studies have shown that сirc_0001445, circ_0000345, circ_0093887, сircSmoc1-2, and circ_0003423 are involved in the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease (CAD) with an atheroprotective effect, while circ_0002984, circ_0029589, circ_0124644, circ_0091822, and circ_0050486 possess a proatherogenic effect. With their high resistance to endonucleases, circRNAs are promising diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets. This review aims to provide updated information on the involvement of atherogenesis-related circRNAs in the pathogenesis of CAD. We also discuss the main modern approaches to detecting and studying circRNA–miRNA–mRNA interactions, as well as the prospects for using circRNAs as biomarkers and therapeutic targets for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.

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Exosomal circular RNAs: Biogenesis, effect, and application in cardiovascular diseases

Cited by 9 publications

References 112 publications

Exosomes in brain diseases: Pathogenesis and therapeutic targets

Exosomes in brain diseases: Pathogenesis and therapeutic targets

Basic Pathogenic Mechanisms and Epigenetic Players Promoted by Extracellular Vesicles in Vascular Damage

Circular RNAs Variously Participate in Coronary Atherogenesis

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