1994
DOI: 10.1192/bjp.165.3.386
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Exorcism-resistant Ghost Possession Treated with Clopenthixol

Abstract: Many cultures give rise to apparently genuine cases of ghost possession. Neuroleptics may relieve symptoms of exorcism-resistant possession.

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Cited by 23 publications
(21 citation statements)
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“…9,16,18,20,28,34,37 In most cases of possession, the possessing agent is unique and well known, whether it corresponds to a local entity belonging to the culture of the patient or to the universal fi gure of God or the devil. We recognized 6 categories of agents, listed in order of decreasing frequency: goddesses, deities, God, the Holy spirit, or an angel 34 (43%); deceased relatives and human ancestral spirits (29%); malevolent spirits and demons (for example, jinn or zâr) (18%); animals such as snakes, foxes, and turtles (5%); the devil (for example, Lucifer, Asmodeus, or Satan) (4%); and a local saint in one patient.…”
Section: Diagnostic Procedures and Clinical Datamentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…9,16,18,20,28,34,37 In most cases of possession, the possessing agent is unique and well known, whether it corresponds to a local entity belonging to the culture of the patient or to the universal fi gure of God or the devil. We recognized 6 categories of agents, listed in order of decreasing frequency: goddesses, deities, God, the Holy spirit, or an angel 34 (43%); deceased relatives and human ancestral spirits (29%); malevolent spirits and demons (for example, jinn or zâr) (18%); animals such as snakes, foxes, and turtles (5%); the devil (for example, Lucifer, Asmodeus, or Satan) (4%); and a local saint in one patient.…”
Section: Diagnostic Procedures and Clinical Datamentioning
confidence: 99%
“…12 Total or partial amnesia of the experience is reported in 20% of patients (n = 79), 12,25,33,36 whereas in 80% of them (n = 323) amnesia of the episodes is either not commented on or documented as absent. 16,17,29…”
Section: Diagnostic Procedures and Clinical Datamentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…Often rituals are part of the 'help-seeking pathways' [48] of religious patients, sometimes parallel to psychiatric treatment, which is not always perceived as helpful. However, when symptoms respond to medication and therapy, this allows the patient to adopt a broader view of the biological and psychosocial factors contributing to the problem, so that the idea of possession is being questioned or even discarded [49].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Developing countries are not the exclusive terrain of possession disorders and exorcism practices. Reports on these conditions were based on observations from countries in North America [63][64][65] and Latin America [66], the United Kingdom [67], Switzerland [68], Italy [69], France [70], Greece [71], Israel [30,72,73], Korea [74], and Russia [75]. A Barna Research poll showed that 54% of adult Americans believe that ''a human being can be under the control or the influence of spiritual forces such as demons'' [76].…”
Section: Possession Trance and Religionmentioning
confidence: 99%