Exopolysaccharides from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens DMBA-K4 ameliorate dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis via gut microbiota modulation

et al. 2021

J. Agric. Food Chem.

Regeneration of epithelia is crucial for maintaining the intestinal barrier and homeostasis. Our previous work showed that exopolysaccharides from Lactobacillus plantarum NCU116 (EPS116) regulated the barrier function and homeostasis of the intestine; however, the relevant mechanisms remain obscure. Therefore, we sought to explore the role of EPS116 in promoting intestinal epithelial regeneration. Our data showed that the administration of EPS116 markedly ameliorated inflammatory bowel disease-related phenotypes and promoted the regeneration of crypts in the colon of colitis mice. The results of immunofluorescence and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction experiments indicated that EPS116 strikingly increased the number of intestinal stem cells (ISCs) and the expression of differentiation markers for goblet cells, enterocytes, and enteroendocrine cells in the mouse colon. Intestinal microbiota analysis showed that EPS116 increased microbial populations associated with intestinal regeneration and glycan metabolism. Therefore, the present study revealed a novel model that EPS116 promoted the intestinal homeostasis through modulating the proliferation and differentiation of ISCs and altering the gut microbiota profile.

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exopolysaccharides from Lactobacillus plantarum NCU116 Facilitate Intestinal Homeostasis by Modulating Intestinal Epithelial Regeneration and Microbiota

Zhou

et al. 2021

J. Agric. Food Chem.

“…Black fungus polysaccharide also has immunomodulatory function, which can promote the release of NO, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10, and other cytokines from macrophages [49]. As reported by kuang et al [50], Bacillus amyloliquefaciens DMBA-K4 EPSs can alleviate the symptoms of colitis and promote the expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 in mice. These studies have demonstrated, to some extent, that EPSs can promote IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, IFN-γ, IgA, and IgG to regulate immunity, which is consistent with our conjectures about the immunomodulatory efficacy of EPSs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

The Regulation of Micro-Organisms’ Extra-Cellular Polysaccharides on Immunity: A Meta-Analysis

Chen

et al. 2022

Foods

Extra-cellular polysaccharides (EPSs) have excellent immunomodulatory functions. In order to further promote their application, we studied the ability of extra-cellular polysaccharides from different sources to regulate immunity. We studied the association of extra-cellular polysaccharides with immune factors (Interleukin (IL-2, IL-4, IL-10), Interferon γ (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), Immunoglobulin A (IgA), and Immunoglobulin G (IgG)) and different concentrations of EPSs and interfering media on experimental results by using a forest plot under fixed-effect or random-effects models. Through Google, PubMed, Embase, ScienceDirect, and Medline, from 2000 to 2021, 12 articles were included. We found that exopolysaccharides (from bacteria or fungi) could significantly increase the immune index of spleen and thymus, spleen index (SMD: 2.11, ‘95%CI: [1.15, 3.08]’; p < 0.01), and thymus index (SMD: 1.62, ‘95%CI: [0.93, 2.32]’; p = 0.01 < 0.05). In addition, exopolysaccharides had a significant effect on TNF-α (SMD: 0.94, ‘95%CI: [0.29, 1.59]’; p = 0.01 < 0.05). For IL-4 (SMD: 0.49, ‘95%CI: [0.01, 0.98]’; p = 0.046 < 0.05), extra-cellular polysaccharides had a statistically significant effect on immunity. Although the data of other immune factors were not ideal, the comprehensive analysis showed that exopolysaccharides also had an effect on the release of these five immune factors. In the sub-group analysis, different concentrations of EPSs affected the results of experiments on the spleen and thymus, and the CY intervention had a relatively significant effect on immune regulation. Taken together, our study highlighted that EPSs have a significant impact on immune regulation.

“…The isolation and purification procedures were performed according to the method of Kuang et al ( 1 ), with minor changes ( Figure 1A ). Sevag reagents precipitated ethanol (4°C, 24 h) and deproteinized to acquire crude EPS.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Probiotics are beneficial microorganisms for humans or animals, which are widely used in developing healthcare products and clinical medicine. They could avoid or reduce diseases such as diarrhea and colitis by forming an intestinal barrier (1)(2)(3). The more common ones include Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, and facultative anaerobe.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The immunoregulatory activity of EPS in LAB is mainly due to the production of interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and phagocytosis of macrophages ( 10 ). EPS-K4 from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens DMBA-K4 produce TNF-α and IL-10 and decrease the levels of virulent substances such as endotoxin, diamine oxidase, and D-lactic acid in serum to stimulate mucin secretion to maintain the integrity of the gut barrier ( 1 ). EPS produced by LAB has been widely used to improve yogurt’s rheology, texture, and taste ( 11 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Structural, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory activities of an acidic exopolysaccharide from Lactiplantibacillus plantarum DMDL 9010

Huang

et al. 2022

Front. Nutr.

Self Cite

This study investigated the structural, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory activities of acidic exopolysaccharide (EPS-LP2) isolated from Lactiplantibacillus plantarum DMDL 9010. EPS-LP2 is composed of fucose (Fuc), arabinose (Ara), galactose (Gal), glucose (Glc), mannose (Man), and D-fructose (Fru) with a molar ratio of 0.13: 0.69: 8.32: 27.57: 62.07: 0.58: 0.46, respectively. Structural analysis of EPS-LP2 exhibited a smooth irregular lamellar surface, rod-like structure with swollen ends and slippery surfaces, and good thermal stability. Based on the methylation and NMR analysis, sugar residues including t-Manp, t-Glcp, 2-Manp, 6-Galp, 6-Glcp, and 4-Glcp were found to exist in EPS-LP2. In the 50∼400 μg/ml range, EPS-LP2 showed negligible neurotoxicity to RAW264.7 cells. Moreover, EPS-LP2 could protect RAW264.7 cells from oxidative injury by lowering the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), and the secretion of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). In contrast, an increase in superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and the concentrations of glutathione (GSH) were observed. Immunoreactivity assays showed that EPS-LP2 could suppress the expression of NO, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin 6 (IL-6) and inhibit the activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/nuclear factor-κB-gene binding (NF-κB) cell pathway. Conclusively, EPS-LP2 could be a potential natural antioxidant and immunomodulatory agent in functional foods and medicines.