Exophytic bulbar pilocytic astrocytoma and post-operative cerebral salt wasting syndrome

Cervicomedullary Gliomas in Pediatric Age: A Systematic Review of the Literature and Tertiary Care Center Experience

“…After reading the full texts of the remaining 66 articles, 36 were ruled out for the purposes of our systematic analysis for the following reasons: one focused only on histology and radiology; data were lacking in 4; histology, tumor site, and/or patients' ages did not meet our inclusion criteria in 12; data on histology, treatment, and follow-up in 16 studies were not analyzed according to tumor site or did not distinguish among pediatric and adult cases; 3 papers because patients were probably duplicated in the latest research by the same working group. We opted to include 5 of these 36 articles in which involvement of the cervicomedullary region was evident by reviewing images provided by au- thors [4,[7][8][9][10]. We thus had a final set of 30 articles to be included in our qualitative analysis (online suppl.…”

“…In these last 21 years, various groups have studied CMGs. Three articles concerned small series of 3, 4, and 3 patients, respectively [10, 33, 36]. Two articles analyzed larger series of 9 [24] and 29 [28] cases.…”

“…The first description of a CMG was reported by Epstein et al [11], although a group of brainstem gliomas characterized by a more benign and indolent course had already been identified (by Hoffmann et al [2]). Reviewing the literature, a quite different number of articles were published in the two periods, each spanning about 20 years: 11 publications in the years 1981-2000 [4,7,[12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20], and 19 in 2001-2021 [8][9][10][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36] (Tables 1, 2). The total number of cases described in the various studies was 127.…”