Exophthalmos in Infantile Scurvy

The majority of bleeds are associated with some form of orbital vascular anomaly. Where no such anomaly can be demonstrated a search for an underlying systemic cause should be performed. Haemorrhages in the young were usually localized whereas those in older patients were diffuse. Orbital imaging, with a combination of computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, was helpful in the assessment of these lesions. Most bleeds are venous and self-limiting. Surgical intervention was rarely necessary and should be confined to those with optic nerve compromise or a localized lesion which persists.

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“…These predisposing factors have been previously recognized but it is useful to see their role in larger study series. 1,3,5–17 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non‐traumatic orbital haemorrhage

Sullivan

Wright

2000

Clinical Exper Ophthalmology

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“…The infant often lies on his back in the "frog position" with one thigh everted and flexed at the abdomen in order to reduce pressure on a painful, swollen leg ( Fig. 2) (52). Petechiae and ecchymoses are less common among infants than adults with scurvy.…”

Section: General Systemic Manifestations Of Scurvymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Over the last 125 yr, there have been numerous case reports of proptosis in infantile scurvy since an early clinical description made by Hugo Magnus (1842Magnus ( -1907 in 1878 . The average age of infants and young children who presented with exophthalmos and scurvy has been 10.5 mo (range 7-24 mo) (52). The subperiosteal regions of long bones and the orbit appear to be prone to hemorrhage because of their rapid physiologic growth.…”

Section: Ophthalmological Findings During Scurvymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The exophthalmos is firm, nonpulsatile, and occurs spontaneously, usually with no history of trauma. The orbital plate of the frontal bone is the most frequent site of hemorrhage, and for unknown reasons, the left eye seems to be more susceptible (52,60). The exophthalmos will usually resolve within 1-3 wk with vitamin C therapy (Fig.…”

Section: Ophthalmological Findings During Scurvymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Vitamin C and Eye Health

2007

Handbook of Nutrition and Ophthalmology

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“…18 Visual loss secondary to increased orbital contents from an infectious process has been seen in cellulitis and sinusitis,'9-22 with orbital foreign body and abscess formation,23 and as a sequela of delayed treatment of a dental abscess.24 'Spontaneous' orbital haemorrhage has been recorded with local disease'8 2527 and associated with concurrent systemic disease. 1828- 31 Suggested explanations for this visual loss include central retinal artery or vein occlusion, acute glaucoma, anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy, reflex vasospasm of the retinal vasculature, toxic or metabolic ischaemia, optic nerve sheath haemorrhage, optic nerve avulsion, and excessive tugging by orbital fat on nutrient vessels to the optic nerve.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%