Exophiala dermatitidis isolates from various sources: using alternative invertebrate host organisms (Caenorhabditis elegans and Galleria mellonella) to determine virulence

Olsowski, Maike; Hoffmann, Frederike; Hain, Andrea; Kirchhoff, Lisa; Theegarten, Dirk; Todt, Daniel; Steinmann, Eike; Buer, Jan; Rath, Peter‐Michael; Steinmann, Joerg

doi:10.1038/s41598-018-30909-5

Cited by 8 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…E. dermatitidis showed virulence in Galleria mellonella [ 20 , 91 ] as well as in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans [ 91 ]. The virulence of E. dermatitidis is furthermore dependent on the source of isolation as detected in a G. mellonella infection model ( Figure 4 ).…”

Section: Virulencementioning

confidence: 99%

Exophiala dermatitidis: Key issues of an opportunistic fungal pathogen

et al. 2019

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The black yeast Exophiala dermatitidis is an opportunistic pathogen, causing phaeohyphomycosis in immunosuppressed patients, chromoblastomycosis and fatal infections of the central nervous system in otherwise healthy Asian patients. In addition, it is also regularly isolated from respiratory samples from cystic fibrosis patients, with rates varying between 1% and 19%.Melanin, as part of the cell wall of black yeasts, is one major factor known contributing to the pathogenicity of E. dermatitidis and increased resistance against host defense and anti-infective therapeutics. Further virulence factors, e.g. the capability to adhere to surfaces and to form biofilm were reported. A better understanding of the pathogenicity of E. dermatitidis is essential for the development of novel preventive and therapeutic strategies. In this review, the current knowledge of E. dermatitidis prevalence, clinical importance, diagnosis, microbiological characteristics, virulence attributes, susceptibility, and resistances as well as therapeutically strategies are discussed.

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Section: Virulencementioning

confidence: 99%

Exophiala dermatitidis: Key issues of an opportunistic fungal pathogen

et al. 2019

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“…Virulence in mono-and co-cultures of Ed and Pa was investigated with the alternative infection model G. mellonella. Survival analysis in the insect model was carried out as previously described for Ed (Olsowski et al, 2018). For Ed, an inoculum of 1 × 10 8 cells per mL was prepared in PBS.…”

Section: In Vivo Virulencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…It belongs to the melanized fungi and is characterized by its dimorphic character (De Hoog and Guarro, 1995). Its virulence potential has been recently demonstrated in an in vivo model using the greater wax moth Galleria mellonella (Olsowski et al, 2018). Ed can also form biofilms, which contribute to its resistance to anti-infective therapy (Kirchhoff et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenotypical Characteristics of the Black Yeast Exophiala dermatitidis Are Affected by Pseudomonas aeruginosa in an Artificial Sputum Medium Mimicking Cystic Fibrosis–Like Conditions

et al. 2020

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Research into the cooperative pathogenicity of microbes in cystic fibrosis (CF) lungs is crucial for an understanding of the pathophysiology of infections and the development of novel treatment strategies. This study investigated the impact of the common CFassociated bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa on the black yeast Exophiala dermatitidis. It evaluated the planktonic growth, biofilm formation, morphology, and virulence of the fungus in the presence or absence of P. aeruginosa. It also determined the role of P. aeruginosa quorum-sensing (QS) molecules within these interactions, e.g., by using sterile culture filtrate and QS-deficient mutants. P. aeruginosa is known to inhibit the planktonic growth of E. dermatitidis. We found that fungal biofilm formation increased in the presence of P. aeruginosa after 24 h but is decreased significantly after 48 h. This effect was reversed when, instead of QS wild-type strains, lasR, and rhlR mutants were added to E. dermatitidis biofilm formation. The number and length of hyphae were substantially reduced when E. dermatitidis was co-cultivated with P. aeruginosa, but not when it was co-cultivated with the mutants. Experiments testing the virulence of E. dermatitidis in the greater wax moth Galleria mellonella showed a synergetic effect on larval killing when E. dermatitidis was injected together with P. aeruginosa culture filtrate. Survival rates were decreased when biofilm culture filtrate was added but not when planktonic culture filtrate was added. In summary, P. aeruginosa affects the growth, morphology, biofilm formation, and virulence of E. dermatitidis. N-acyl-L-homoserine lactone (AHL) QS molecules regulated factors that have been shown to contribute to the inhibition of the ability of E. dermatitidis to form filaments and biofilm.

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“…G. mellonella and C. elegans have been demonstrated as the leading significant and standard host models in the laboratories to study bacterial virulence and pathogenic islands [ 211 ]. As a host model of A. baumannii , C. elegans possesses numerous merits over G. mellonella in targeting the host-bacterial relations, such as a small size; a petite generation time; a transparent body; a short genome; a simple lifecycle; ease of maintenance; no requirement for external suppliers; accessibility of a plentiful choice of genetically modified mutants; the full knowledge of its lineage; and the simplicity of the animal [ 212 , 213 ].…”

Section: Study Of Virulence Using Animal Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Virulence Potential and Treatment Options of Multidrug-Resistant (MDR) Acinetobacter baumannii

2021

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Acinetobacter baumannii is an opportunistic pathogen which is undoubtedly known for a high rate of morbidity and mortality in hospital-acquired infections. A. baumannii causes life-threatening infections, including; ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), meningitis, bacteremia, and wound and urinary tract infections (UTI). In 2017, the World Health Organization listed A. baumannii as a priority-1 pathogen. The prevalence of A. baumannii infections and outbreaks emphasizes the direct need for the use of effective therapeutic agents for treating such infections. Available antimicrobials, such as; carbapenems, tigecycline, and colistins have insufficient effectiveness due to the appearance of multidrug-resistant strains, accentuating the need for alternative and novel therapeutic remedies. To understand and overcome this menace, the knowledge of recent discoveries on the virulence factors of A. baumannii is needed. Herein, we summarized the role of various virulence factors, including; outer membrane proteins, efflux pumps, biofilm, penicillin-binding proteins, and siderophores/iron acquisition systems. We reviewed the recent scientific literature on different A. baumannii virulence factors and the effective antimicrobial agents for the treatment and management of bacterial infections.

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Exophiala dermatitidis isolates from various sources: using alternative invertebrate host organisms (Caenorhabditis elegans and Galleria mellonella) to determine virulence

Cited by 8 publications

References 48 publications

Exophiala dermatitidis: Key issues of an opportunistic fungal pathogen

Exophiala dermatitidis: Key issues of an opportunistic fungal pathogen

Phenotypical Characteristics of the Black Yeast Exophiala dermatitidis Are Affected by Pseudomonas aeruginosa in an Artificial Sputum Medium Mimicking Cystic Fibrosis–Like Conditions

Virulence Potential and Treatment Options of Multidrug-Resistant (MDR) Acinetobacter baumannii

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