Exon variability of gene encoding glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase ofIxodes ricinusticks

Abstract

Summary:We have previously found apparent differences in Gpdh allele frequences between borrelia infected and uninfected Ixodes ricinus as revealed by native gel electrophoresis of allozyme polymorphisms. The present study deals with the genetic basis of the observed allozyme polymorphism. Multiple sequence alignment of 36 Gpdh open reading frames identified a total of 40 polymorphic nucleotide sites. Of the 40 polymorphic nucleotide sites, 34 were silent (did not result in amino acid residue change), while six were active causing a change in the amino acid chain. All polymorphic amino acid sites were situated within the N-terminal NAD-binding domain, whereas the C-terminal substrate-binding domain was highly conserved. Analysis of the obtained Gpdh sequences and GPDH allozyme polymorphisms for individual ticks pointed to amino acid changes at positions 61 (glycine-to-glutamic acid), 64 (serineto-cysteine) and 102 (glycine-to-arginine) as a key for differential mobility of GPDH allozymes in an electric field. Our findings are discussed in the context of the molecular basis of I. ricinus host finding behavior.

Seasonal and Spatial Occurrence of Glycerol-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Variability inIxodes ricinus(Acari: Ixodidae) Populations

“…Four alleles of the Gpdh locus (very fast, VF; fast, F; slow, S; and very slow, VS) identiÞed enzyme polymorphism in I. ricinus populations across Europe (Healy 1979, Delaye et al 1997, Radulović et al 2006). Radulović (2010) and Radulović et al (2010) performed comparative analysis of Gpdh gene sequences and GPDH allozymes in individual I. ricinus ticks. Those results indicated a relation between G-to-A change at the position 304 of the Gpdh gene and VS allele, and between A and G at the position 182 and alleles F and S, respectively.…”

"Candidatus Borrelia kalaharica" Detected from a Febrile Traveller Returning to Germany from Vacation in Southern Africa

“…Fragments of the 16S rRNA, flaB and glpQ were amplified using primers and PCR conditions as described previously [ 12 – 14 ] ( S2 Table ). For uvrA the following primers were used as forward and reverse primers: uvrF1173 5´-GCGTTATCTTWCAACTGAATC-3’; uvrR2178 5'-TCTAGACTCTGGAAGCTT-3'.…”

Investigation genetic diversity of Ixodes ricinus based on four microsatellite loci

“…During two last decades the application of molecular markers in the study of medically and veterinary important Ixodidae ticks has provided new essential information about their taxonomic relationships and population structures. Ticks have been studied at individual, population and species level using allo zymes (Delaye et al, 1997;Kain et al, 1997;Healy et al, 2004;Radulović et al, 2006Radulović et al, , 2010Radulović et al, , 2012, RAPD (Paulauskas et al, 2006), mitochondrial and nuclear genome sequence analysis (Caporale et al, 1995;Rich et al, 1995;Norris et al, 1996;Delaye et al, 1998;Xu et al, 2003;De Meeûs et al, 2002, 2004a, 2004bRøed et al, 2006;Casati et al, 2008;Hasle et al 2008;Chitimia et al, 2010;Kempf et al, 2009Kempf et al, , 2010Kempf et al, , 2011Noureddine et al, 2011).…”