Exogenous salicylic acid alleviates cold damage by regulating antioxidative system in two barley (Hordeum vulgareL.) cultivars

Abstract

In this work, the time-dependent effect of exogenous salicylic acid (SA) applied before cold stress was investigated on the regulation of antioxidative respond mechanisms in two barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivars (Akhisar and Tokak) differed in cold tolerance. SA (0.1 mM) was applied to 7-days old barley seedlings growing under control conditions (20/18°C). After this application, the seedlings were transferred to cold conditions (7/5°C) at different times (7, 14, 21 and 28 days) for 3 days. Then, the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) and the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POX) were determined in the leaves (control, cold and SA + cold) from the seedlings harvested at 10, 17, 24 and 31 days. Moreover, the effect of cold stress was evaluated on the endogenous SA level at the both cultivars by comparing to control plants. The MDA content increased in the cold treatment while it decreased in the SA treatment at all the days studied at the both cultivars. The SA + cold treatment could have a variable effect on H 2 O 2 content at the tolerant barley (Tokak) while decreased its content at the sensitive cultivar (Akhisar). The SA + cold treatment could increase the activities of POX and SOD at both cultivars, but it increased the CAT activity at the tolerant cultivar while decreased at the sensitive cultivar. In addition, the content of endogenous SA was decreased by cold stress at all the days studied at the barley cultivars as compared to control plants. The results show that the SA treatment could be effective on the regulation of the parameters studied at cold conditions until 31 days after SA application, and the importance of exogenous SA treatment before cold stress. It was concluded that exogenous and endogenous SA could play an ameliorating role on cold tolerance by regulating reactive oxygen species and the activities of antioxidative enzymes in both cold-sensitive and cold-tolerant cultivars of barley. ARTICLE HISTORY

Exogenous Application of Proline and Salicylic Acid can Mitigate the Injurious Impacts of Drought Stress on Barley Plants Associated with Physiological and Histological Characters

“…The effect of SA may be related to increased element uptake as well as photosynthetic rate. Additionally, SA can improve enzymatic (CAT, POX, and PPO) and nonenzymatic antioxidant activity and plays a main role in the enhancement of plant stress tolerance as well as decreased oxidative stress [42], consequently improving plant growth of drought-stressed plants. SA significantly increased yield characters because of its role in improving flower formation and grain yield.…”

Cross-Stress Tolerance (Cold and Salt) in Plants Have Different Seed Nutrient Content (Maize, Bean and Wheat)

“…Suppression of plant growth under environmental stress may be due to decreased cell division, elongation and apical meristem activity. Decrease in shoot and root length in salt stress may be due to either the inhibitory effect of water shortage on growth-promoting hormones or the reduction in water absorption and activity of metabolic events (Akladious and Mohamed, 2018;Akladious and Hanafy, 2018;Mutlu et. al., 2016).…”

“…al., 2018). It is reported that SOD activity decreases in cold tolerant barley and increases in cold sensitive barley (Mutlu et. al., 2016).…”

“…Low temperatures cause typical symptoms of chilling such as senescence, inhibition of growth, water imbalance, mineral nutrition, respiratory and photosynthesis (at least decrease in chlorophyll and damage to the photosynthetic apparatus) (Erdal et al, 2015). It can lead to a higher cold tolerance that lead to molecular, biochemical and physiological changes when a plant exposure to a cold temperature and this called as acclimation (Mutlu et. al., 2016).…”

Cold‐ and menthol‐evoked membrane potential changes in the moss Physcomitrella patens: influence of ion channel inhibitors and phytohormones

“…Moreover, plant hormones play an important role in the cold adaptive processes (Kosova et al 2012). In response to cold shock, gibberellic acid is produced and degradation of nuclear-localized growth repressing DELLA proteins takes place (Peng and Harberd 1997, Silverstone et al 1998, Dill et al 2001, King et al 2001, Zhou et al 2017, the polar transport of intracellular trafficking auxin efflux carriers is inhibited (Shibasaki et al 2009) the abscisic acid (ABA) level increases (Chen et al 1983, Lang and Palva 1992, Knight et al 2004, Baron et al 2012, Huang et al 2017, and salicylic acid (SA) is accumulated, enhancing cold tolerance (Kang and Saltveit 2002, Scott et al 2004, Mora-Herrera et al 2005, Wan et al 2009, Mutlu et al 2016.…”