Exogenous palmitoyl carnitine and membrane damage in rat hearts

Effect of 5-(N,N-Dimethyl)-Amiloride, a Specific Inhibitor of Na⁺/H⁺ Exchanger, on the Palmitoyl-<i>L</i>-Carnitine-Induced Mechanical and Metabolic Derangements in the Isolated Perfused Rat Heart

“…First, this is the submaximal concentration that produces a long-lasting mechanical dysfunction [10]. Second, administration of 5 Ìmol/l PALCAR may inflict damage to the heart to an extent similar to that induced by ischemia in terms of tissue accumulation of long-chain acylcarnitines [19]. Last, 5 Ìmol/l PALCAR produces not only mechanical dysfunction and energy deficiency [10,15,16] but also membrane damage [10,19], and induces electrophysiological alterations [11,12,20] in the heart.…”

Lidocaine Attenuates Mechanical and Metabolic Derangements Induced by Palmitoyl-L-Carnitine in the Isolated Perfused Rat Heart

“…First, this is the submaximal concentration that produces a long-lasting mechanical dys function [15]. Second, administration of 5 pmol/'l PALCAR may inflict damage to the heart similar to that induced by ischemia in terms of tissue accumulation of long-chain acylcarnitines [14], Last. 5 pmol/1 PALCAR produces not only mechanical dysfunction [14,15] and energy deficiency [16] but also membrane damage [14], and induces electrophysiological alterations [17][18][19] in the heart.…”

Beneficial Effects of Dilazep on the Palmitoyl-L-carnitine-Induced Derangements in Isolated, Perfused Rat Heart: Comparison with Tetrodotoxin.

“…The concentration of palmitOyl-L carnitine was chosen as 5 pM for the following three rea sons: First, this is the submaximal concentration that produces a long-lasting mechanical dysfunction (10). Second, administration of 5 pM palmitoyl-L-carnitine may inflict damage to the heart to an extent similar to that induced by ischemia in terms of tissue accumulation of long-chain acylcarnitines (8). Last, 5 pM palmitoyl-L carnitine produces not only mechanical dysfunction and energy deficiency but also membrane damage (8), and it induces electrophysiological alterations (1,3) in the heart.…”

“…Second, administration of 5 pM palmitoyl-L-carnitine may inflict damage to the heart to an extent similar to that induced by ischemia in terms of tissue accumulation of long-chain acylcarnitines (8). Last, 5 pM palmitoyl-L carnitine produces not only mechanical dysfunction and energy deficiency but also membrane damage (8), and it induces electrophysiological alterations (1,3) in the heart. We observed that palmitoyl-L-carnitine produced mechanical dysfunction (as evidenced by an increase in LVEDP and a decrease in LVDP) and metabolic damage (as evidenced by a decrease in the tissue ATP level and an increase in the tissue AMP level).…”

“…Therefore, long-chain acylcarnitines are considered to be one of the factors involved in production of irreversible damage in the ischemic heart (1-4). In fact, palmitoyl-L-carnitine produces severe mechanical dysfunction (5), electro physiological alterations (4,6,7) and membrane dys function (8) in the heart. This view can be supported by the fact that inhibitors of carnitine acyltransferase I attenuate both tissue accumulation of long-chain acyl carnitines and myocardial ischemic derangements in situ (3) and in vitro (4,9).…”