Exogenous oxytocin administration improves the testicular blood flow in rams

El-Shalofy, Amr S.; Hedia, Mohamed

doi:10.1111/and.14193

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 47 publications

(57 reference statements)

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“…There is a high rate of asymptomatic infection in pregnant women ( 140 ) because of a marked down-regulation of the expression of ACE2 in the airway epithelium ( 92 ) and TMPRSS2 ( 141 ) and activation of other protective functions ( 93 ). By increasing estradiol levels ( 142 ), oxytocin can decrease SARS-CoV-2 tropism following reduction in the expression of viral cell entry factors.…”

Section: Therapeutic and Preventive Potential Of Oxytocin Against Of ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential of Endogenous Oxytocin in Endocrine Treatment and Prevention of COVID-19

et al. 2022

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Coronavirus disease 2019 or COVID-19 caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has become a significant threat to the health of human beings. While wearing mask, maintaining social distance and performing self-quarantine can reduce virus spreading passively, vaccination actively enhances immune defense against COVID-19. However, mutations of SARS-CoV-2 and presence of asymptomatic carriers frustrate the effort of completely conquering COVID-19. A strategy that can reduce the susceptibility and thus prevent COVID-19 while blocking viral invasion and pathogenesis independent of viral antigen stability is highly desirable. In the pathogenesis of COVID-19, endocrine disorders have been implicated. Correspondingly, many hormones have been identified to possess therapeutic potential of treating COVID-19, such as estrogen, melatonin, corticosteroids, thyroid hormone and oxytocin. Among them, oxytocin has the potential of both treatment and prevention of COVID-19. This is based on oxytocin promotion of immune-metabolic homeostasis, suppression of inflammation and pre-existing comorbidities, acceleration of damage repair, and reduction of individuals’ susceptibility to pathogen infection. Oxytocin may specifically inactivate SARS-COV-2 spike protein and block viral entry into cells via angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 by suppressing serine protease and increasing interferon levels and number of T-lymphocytes. In addition, oxytocin can promote parasympathetic outflow and the secretion of body fluids that could dilute and even inactivate SARS-CoV-2 on the surface of cornea, oral cavity and gastrointestinal tract. What we need to do now is clinical trials. Such trials should fully balance the advantages and disadvantages of oxytocin application, consider the time- and dose-dependency of oxytocin effects, optimize the dosage form and administration approach, combine oxytocin with inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 replication, apply specific passive immunization, and timely utilize efficient vaccines. Meanwhile, blocking COVID-19 transmission chain and developing other efficient anti-SARS-CoV-2 drugs are also important. In addition, relative to the complex issues with drug applications over a long term, oxytocin can be mobilized through many physiological stimuli, and thus used as a general prevention measure. In this review, we explore the potential of oxytocin for treatment and prevention of COVID-19 and perhaps other similar pathogens.

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Section: Therapeutic and Preventive Potential Of Oxytocin Against Of ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential of Endogenous Oxytocin in Endocrine Treatment and Prevention of COVID-19

et al. 2022

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“…Decreased testicular blood perfusion in heat-stress conditions was reported in rams ( 10 , 11 ) and goat buck ( 23 ). Several attempts have been reported to improve the testicular hemodynamics by administering exogenous treatments in rams and goat bucks with potential outcomes, that finally reflected on the whole male fertility, such as melatonin, gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), and luteinizing hormone (LH) ( 12 , 19 , 24 , 25 ). L-carnitine (LC) is a vitamin-like bioenergetic amino acid that exists ubiquitously in different tissue types, such as heart, skeletal muscle, testes, and epididymis.…”

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confidence: 99%

Exogenous L-carnitine Administration Ameliorates the Adverse Effects of Heat Stress on Testicular Hemodynamics, Echotexture, and Total Antioxidant Capacity in Rams

2022

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Heat stress (HS) diminishes the testicular antioxidant defense systems, which adversely affect the testicular blood perfusion. Improving the testicular hemodynamics during HS conditions is of a great impact on the whole reproductive performance in rams. This study aimed to evaluate the ameliorative effects of L-carnitine (LC) on the testicular blood flow and echotextures and also on the total antioxidants (TAC) and nitric oxide (NO) concentrations in the serum during HS conditions in rams. Testicular blood flow was evaluated through scanning of the supra-testicular artery (STA) spectral patterns through pulsed Doppler ultrasonography [peak systolic velocity (PSV), end-diastolic velocity (EDV), time average maximum velocity (TAMAX), resistive index (RI), and pulsatility index (PI)], while the echotexture assessment of testicular parenchyma was performed by a computerized software program. Moreover, TAC and NO concentrations were assayed colorimetrically using the spectrophotometer. There were significant decreases (P < 0.05) in values of PSV at 48 and 168 h (23.45 ± 0.39 and 23.37 ± 1.41 cm/s, respectively), and TAMAX at 1, 48, and 168 h (17.65 ± 0.95, 17.5 ± 0.13, and 16.9 ± 1.05 cm/s, respectively) after LC administration compared to just before administration (31.92 ± 1.13 and 21.58 ± 0.92 cm/s, respectively). Values of RI and PI of the examined STA significantly decreased, especially at 1 h for RI (0.45 ± 0.02) and 1 and 48 h for PI (0.66 ± 0.06 and 0.65 ± 0.05, respectively) after LC treatment to 0 h (0.55 ± 0.03 and 0.84 ± 0.06, respectively). The EDV values did not show any significant (P < 0.05) changes in all the experimental time points. There were significant (P < 0.05) increases in the values of pixel intensity of the testicular parenchyma, especially at 1 and 168 h (78.71 ± 2.50 and 88.56 ± 4.10, respectively) after LC administration, compared to just before administration (69.40 ± 4.75). Serum NO levels tend to increase after LC administration (P = 0.07) concerning just before administration. While TAC values showed significant gradual increase and reached the highest values at 168 h (2.75 ± 0.58 mM/l) after LC administration, compared to 0 h (1.12 ± 0.05 mM/l). In conclusion, exogenous LC administration ameliorates testicular hemodynamic disruptions, as measured by spectral Doppler ultrasonography, via augmentation of the rams' total antioxidant capacity under HS conditions.

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“…In the last few years, testicular functions were strictly depending on the vascular perfusion within the testicular artery (Velasco & Ruiz, 2021). Several studies confirmed that the fluctuations in testicular blood flow were accompanied with severe changes in semen quality parameters, plasma testosterone levels, seminal oxidative status and reproductive performance in farm animals (El-Shalofy & Hedia, 2021a;Hedia et al, 2020b;Kastelic et al, 2018).…”

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Ageing affects plasma steroid concentrations and testicular volume, echotexture and haemodynamics in rams

Hedia

El-Shalofy

2021

Andrologia

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Animal production systems usually use fewer breeding males than females (Fitzgerald & Morgan, 2007). Breeding soundness evaluation (BSE) is recommended to assess breeding potential in farm animals (Hedia et al., 2020a;Palacios et al., 2016). BSE consists of several orders of examinations starting with traditional physical examination, clinical examination of various body vital systems (digestive, respiratory, circulatory, locomotor and reproductive system) and evaluation of semen. Recently, the massive production systems are interested in application of more advanced techniques to broadly assess the breeding quality of the males. In addition, these systems are looking forward to establish a definite protocol for replacing the males found to have a lower breeding efficiency with other males of high reproductive merits. Several studies aimed to investigate the possible effect of ageing on the different andrological levels and to detect the optimal age of replacing the reproductively minor rams

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Exogenous oxytocin administration improves the testicular blood flow in rams

Cited by 11 publications

References 47 publications

Potential of Endogenous Oxytocin in Endocrine Treatment and Prevention of COVID-19

Potential of Endogenous Oxytocin in Endocrine Treatment and Prevention of COVID-19

Exogenous L-carnitine Administration Ameliorates the Adverse Effects of Heat Stress on Testicular Hemodynamics, Echotexture, and Total Antioxidant Capacity in Rams

Ageing affects plasma steroid concentrations and testicular volume, echotexture and haemodynamics in rams

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