Exogenous nitric oxide enhances calcification in embryonic stem cell-derived osteogenic cultures

Ehnes, Devon; Geransar, Rose; Rancourt, Derrick E.; Nieden, Nicole I. zur

doi:10.1016/j.diff.2015.02.001

Cited by 11 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…Treatment with a NO donor upregulates proliferation in human osteoblast cells and fetal calvarial osteoblasts [35,36]. The crucial role of NO and NOS isoforms on ESC-osteogenic differentiation was previously reported and is comparable to our findings [20]. NO involvement in osteogenic development has been extensively explored, but how NO bioavailability impinges on the osteogenic program at the transcriptional levels has not been precisely elucidated.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

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Osteogenic Effect of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase (iNOS)-Loaded Mineralized Nanoparticles on Embryonic Stem Cells

Lee¹,

Lee²,

Lee³

et al. 2018

Cell Physiol Biochem

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Background/Aims: This study investigated the effect of inducible nitric oxide synthase-loaded mineralized nanoparticles (iNOS-MNPs) on the osteogenic differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs). Methods: We prepared iNOS-MNPs using an anionic block copolymer template-mediated calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) mineralization process in the presence of iNOS. iNOS-MNPs were spherical and had a narrow size distribution. iNOS was stably loaded within MNPs without denaturation. In order to confirm the successful introduction of iNOS-MNPs into the cytosol of ESCs, intracellular levels of nitric oxide (NO) was determined with a fluorometric analysis. A NO effector molecule, cyclic guanosine 3’,5’ monophosphate (cGMP) was also quantified with a competitive enzyme immunoassay. Cell viability in response to iNOS-MNP treatment was determined using the cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity assay, intracellular calcium quantification assay, and Alizarin red S staining for matrix mineralization were performed to investigate osteogenic differentiation of ESCs. The protein levels of Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), osteocalcin (OCN), and osterix (OSX) as osteogenic-related factors were also assessed by immunofluorescence staining and Western blot analysis. The complex pathways associated with iNOS-MNP-derived osteogenic differentiation of ESCs were evaluated by network-based analysis. Results: Cells with iNOS-MNPs displayed a significant increase in NO and cGMP concentration compared with the control group. When cells were exposed to iNOS-MNPs, there were no adverse effects on cell viability. Importantly, iNOS-MNP uptake promoted the osteogenic differentiation of ESCs. Using transcriptome profiling, we obtained 1,836 differentially-induced genes and performed functional enrichment analysis with ClueGO and KEGG. These analyses identified significantly enriched and interconnected molecular pathways such as protein kinase activity, estrogen receptor activity, bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) receptor binding, ligand-gated ion channel activity, and phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate binding. Conclusion: These findings suggest that iNOS-MNPs can induce osteogenic differentiation in ESCs by integrating complex signaling pathways.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

“…A number of groups have demonstrated that NO encourages the differentiation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into osteoprogenitor cells [17][18][19]. However, whether NO is associated with the osteogenic differentiation of ESCs in vitro remains largely unknown [20,21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Osteogenic Effect of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase (iNOS)-Loaded Mineralized Nanoparticles on Embryonic Stem Cells

Lee¹,

Lee²,

Lee³

et al. 2018

Cell Physiol Biochem

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“…It has been reported that both iNOS and eNOS play a role in osteogenesis of embryonic stem cells [57]. We [4] and others [58] have shown that MSCs do not express eNOS.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Molecular control of nitric oxide synthesis through eNOS and caveolin-1 interaction regulates osteogenic differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells by modulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling

et al. 2016

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BackgroundNitric oxide (NO) plays a role in a number of physiological processes including stem cell differentiation and osteogenesis. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), one of three NO-producing enzymes, is located in a close conformation with the caveolin-1 (CAV-1WT) membrane protein which is inhibitory to NO production. Modification of this interaction through mutation of the caveolin scaffold domain can increase NO release. In this study, we genetically modified equine adipose-derived stem cells (eASCs) with eNOS, CAV-1WT, and a CAV-1F92A (CAV-1WT mutant) and assessed NO-mediated osteogenic differentiation and the relationship with the Wnt signaling pathway.MethodsNO production was enhanced by lentiviral vector co-delivery of eNOS and CAV-1F92A to eASCs, and osteogenesis and Wnt signaling was assessed by gene expression analysis and activity of a novel Runx2-GFP reporter. Cells were also exposed to a NO donor (NONOate) and the eNOS inhibitor, l-NAME.ResultsNO production as measured by nitrite was significantly increased in eNOS and CAV-1F92A transduced eASCs +(5.59 ± 0.22 μM) compared to eNOS alone (4.81 ± 0.59 μM) and un-transduced control cells (0.91 ± 0.23 μM) (p < 0.05). During osteogenic differentiation, higher NO correlated with increased calcium deposition, Runx2, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) gene expression and the activity of a Runx2-eGFP reporter. Co-expression of eNOS and CAV-1WT transgenes resulted in lower NO production. Canonical Wnt signaling pathway-associated Wnt3a and Wnt8a gene expressions were increased in eNOS-CAV-1F92A cells undergoing osteogenesis whilst non-canonical Wnt5a was decreased and similar results were seen with NONOate treatment. Treatment of osteogenic cultures with 2 mM l-NAME resulted in reduced Runx2, ALP, and Wnt3a expressions, whilst Wnt5a expression was increased in eNOS-delivered cells. Co-transduction of eASCs with a Wnt pathway responsive lenti-TCF/LEF-dGFP reporter only showed activity in osteogenic cultures co-transduced with a doxycycline inducible eNOS. Lentiviral vector expression of canonical Wnt3a and non-canonical Wnt5a in eASCs was associated with induced and suppressed osteogenic differentiation, respectively, whilst treatment of eNOS-osteogenic cells with the Wnt inhibitor Dkk-1 significantly reduced expressions of Runx2 and ALP.ConclusionsThis study identifies NO as a regulator of canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling to promote osteogenesis in eASCs which may contribute to novel bone regeneration strategies.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13287-016-0442-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“… 334 They have pluripotent characteristics, including the ability to undergo osteogenic differentiation. 335–339 Tang et al first seeded ESCs into alginate microbeads in macroporous calcium phosphate cement and implanted the constructs into nude mice. Good cell viability, osteogenic differentiation, and mineral synthesis were demonstrated.…”

Section: Interactions Between Bone Biomaterials and Stem Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bone biomaterials and interactions with stem cells

et al. 2017

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Bone biomaterials play a vital role in bone repair by providing the necessary substrate for cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation and by modulating cell activity and function. In past decades, extensive efforts have been devoted to developing bone biomaterials with a focus on the following issues: (1) developing ideal biomaterials with a combination of suitable biological and mechanical properties; (2) constructing a cell microenvironment with pores ranging in size from nanoscale to submicro- and microscale; and (3) inducing the oriented differentiation of stem cells for artificial-to-biological transformation. Here we present a comprehensive review of the state of the art of bone biomaterials and their interactions with stem cells. Typical bone biomaterials that have been developed, including bioactive ceramics, biodegradable polymers, and biodegradable metals, are reviewed, with an emphasis on their characteristics and applications. The necessary porous structure of bone biomaterials for the cell microenvironment is discussed, along with the corresponding fabrication methods. Additionally, the promising seed stem cells for bone repair are summarized, and their interaction mechanisms with bone biomaterials are discussed in detail. Special attention has been paid to the signaling pathways involved in the focal adhesion and osteogenic differentiation of stem cells on bone biomaterials. Finally, achievements regarding bone biomaterials are summarized, and future research directions are proposed.

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Exogenous nitric oxide enhances calcification in embryonic stem cell-derived osteogenic cultures

Cited by 11 publications

References 50 publications

Osteogenic Effect of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase (iNOS)-Loaded Mineralized Nanoparticles on Embryonic Stem Cells

Osteogenic Effect of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase (iNOS)-Loaded Mineralized Nanoparticles on Embryonic Stem Cells

Molecular control of nitric oxide synthesis through eNOS and caveolin-1 interaction regulates osteogenic differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells by modulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling

Bone biomaterials and interactions with stem cells

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