Exogenous LL-37 but not homogenates of desquamated oral epithelial cells shows activity against <i>Streptococcus mutans</i>

Aidoukovitch, Alexandra; Bankell, Elisabeth; Davies, Julia R.; Nilsson, Bengt

doi:10.1080/00016357.2021.1892180

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…LL-37 is the only antimicrobial peptide in the human body with an amphipathic α -helical structure that has a charge of +6 at neutral pH ( 19 ). It not only directly binds to the pathogens through the above positively charged structures and destroys bacterial membranes to cause direct sterilization ( 20 ), but also promotes the body to resist the invasion of pathogenic microorganisms through immune regulation and chemotaxis ( 21 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression and significance of serum vitamin D and LL-37 levels in infants with bacterial pneumonia

Zhao

Pan

et al. 2022

Front. Pediatr.

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ObjectiveTo investigate the significance of vitamin D and human antimicrobial peptide LL-37 in the occurrence and development of bacterial pneumonia in infants.MethodsFrom January 2021 to January 2022, 80 infants with bacterial pneumonia were selected, including 33 cases of gram-positive bacterial infection (GP) and 47 cases of gram-negative bacterial infection (GN). During the same period, 40 infants who underwent health examination in The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University served as the healthy control group. On the day of admission, peripheral blood was collected from pneumonia patients, and during physical examination of controls; and serum LL-37 levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels were measured by electrochemiluminescence. The differences in serum LL-37 and 25(OH)D levels and their correlation with disease severity were compared. Pearson correlation was used to analyze the correlation between serum 25(OH)D and LL-37 levels in infants with bacterial pneumonia.ResultsThe levels of 25(OH)D and 25(OH)D deficiency were significantly lower in patients than in controls (all P < 0.05), and the levels of serum LL-37 were significantly higher in pneumonia patients than in controls (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in serum 25(OH)D and LL-37 levels between cases with GP and GN (all P > 0.05). The serum 25(OH)D level was lower in the severe pneumonia group than in the mild pneumonia group and controls, and the 25(OH)D deficiency rate was higher; the difference was statistically significant (all P < 0.05). The LL-37 level in the severe pneumonia group was lower than that in the mild pneumonia group but higher than that in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The 25(OH)D level was positively correlated with the LL-37 level (r = 0.8, P < 0.05), and the 25(OH)D level was negatively correlated with procalcitonin (PCT) and length of hospital stay (rs = −0.3, −0.3, P < 0.05); the LL-37 level was negatively correlated with PCT and length of hospital stay (rs = −0.4, −0.2, P < 0.05) in infants with bacterial pneumonia.ConclusionA low level of vitamin D is present in infants with bacterial pneumonia, and its status affects the severity and outcome of pneumonia. The level of LL-37 is increased in infants with bacterial pneumonia, but it shows a downward trend with progression of the disease.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression and significance of serum vitamin D and LL-37 levels in infants with bacterial pneumonia

Zhao

Pan

et al. 2022

Front. Pediatr.

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“…The desquamated oral epithelial cells (DOECs) are large cells, and they show morphological signs typical for aged epithelial cells such as small nuclei and large cytoplasm [ 5 , 6 ]. We have previously demonstrated that DOECs harbor the human antimicrobial peptide LL-37, suggesting that these cells also may synthesize and/or act as containers for other biologically important salivary peptides and proteins [ 6 , 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Desquamated Epithelial Cells of Unstimulated Human Whole Saliva Express Both EGF Transcript and Protein

Aidoukovitch

Bodahl

Tufvesson

et al. 2022

International Journal of Dentistry

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Objective. The aim of this study was to investigate if desquamated oral epithelial cells (DOECs) express the epidermal growth factor (EGF) and if these cells thereby may contribute to salivary EGF contents. Background. DOECs have recently been shown to harbor the antimicrobial peptide LL-37, proposing that they may also store other biologically important salivary peptides/proteins. The EGF peptide is a growth factor which plays a critical role to maintain epithelial integrity and promote epithelial healing. The EGF is produced by salivary glands, but it is not known whether DOECs contain the EGF and thereby contribute to salivary EGF levels. Materials and Methods. DOECs were isolated from unstimulated whole saliva collected from four healthy volunteers. EGF protein expression was determined in cell lysates by dot blot and ELISA. Cellular distribution of cytokeratin, the proliferation marker Ki67, and EGF immunoreactivity were assessed by immunocytochemistry. EGF gene expression was investigated by qPCR. Expression of EGF transcript and protein in DOECs was compared to that in the human cultured keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT) cells. Results. EGF protein expression was detected in DOEC cell lysates by both dot blot and ELISA. Strong cytoplasmic EGF immunoreactivity was observed in DOECs, although some cells showed only a weak immunoreactive signal for EGF. Moreover, DOECs, besides containing EGF protein, also expressed transcript for EGF. Interestingly, ELISA analysis revealed that EGF protein contents were higher in DOECs than in HaCaT cells. ELISA analysis also disclosed that EGF concentration was about 10 times higher in whole saliva compared to DOECs. EGF transcript expression was about 50% lower in HaCaT cells stimulated with high (10%) compared to low (0.1%) concentration of fetal bovine serum, representing growth-stimulated and growth-restricted conditions, respectively, implying that growth-stimulus exerts negative feedback on EGF gene activity in HaCaT cells. Conclusion. Here, we show for the first time that DOECs express the EGF, arguing that these cells contribute to salivary EGF contents and hence may play a role in gingival epithelial repair and wound healing.

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The LL-37 domain: A clue to cathelicidin immunomodulatory response?

et al. 2023

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Exogenous LL-37 but not homogenates of desquamated oral epithelial cells shows activity against Streptococcus mutans

Cited by 4 publications

References 24 publications

Expression and significance of serum vitamin D and LL-37 levels in infants with bacterial pneumonia

Expression and significance of serum vitamin D and LL-37 levels in infants with bacterial pneumonia

Desquamated Epithelial Cells of Unstimulated Human Whole Saliva Express Both EGF Transcript and Protein

The LL-37 domain: A clue to cathelicidin immunomodulatory response?

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