Breast Cancer Epidemiology 2009
DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-0685-4_5
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Exogenous Hormones

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Cited by 3 publications
(4 citation statements)
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“…Lung cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer with 1.6 million new cases each year 1 and breast cancer is the second most frequently diagnosed cancer with 1.1 million new cases each year. 2,3 Proving to be an effective treatment, radiation therapy ideally destroys all of the cancer’s tumor cells while maintaining healthy cells’ integrity. However, the ideals prove to be far from realistic with 35% of thoracic irradiation patients at risk to develop lung injury.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Lung cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer with 1.6 million new cases each year 1 and breast cancer is the second most frequently diagnosed cancer with 1.1 million new cases each year. 2,3 Proving to be an effective treatment, radiation therapy ideally destroys all of the cancer’s tumor cells while maintaining healthy cells’ integrity. However, the ideals prove to be far from realistic with 35% of thoracic irradiation patients at risk to develop lung injury.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…A recent case-control study reported that current OC users (≥ 5 years and ages 20–39 years) had an increased risk for estrogen-receptor negative (ER - ) and triple-negative breast cancer (ER − : OR 3.5, 95% CI 1.9–9.0; triple-negative: OR 3.7, 95% CI 1.2–11.8) [ 32 ]. Studies of the effect of duration of OC use on breast cancer risk were more likely to find a strong, positive association in younger women [ 32 , 33 ]. Given the tendency for women to start using OCs at younger ages and to use them for longer intervals prior to first birth, the results of the above studies are cause for concern [ 31 ].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Data are presently not available that would enable a comparison of the breast cancer risks associated with the different OC formulations in wide use today, and larger studies are needed to replicate preliminary findings that breast cancer risk differs by OC formulation [ 33 , 35 , 36 ]. Inevitably, epidemiological research on OCs and breast cancer risk will suffer from time-lags and will not reflect exposures from the newer contraceptives in use at any given time point.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Όσον αφορά τη χορήγηση αντισυλληπτικών δισκίων, η σύστασή τους και η μακροχρόνια λήψη τους από μικρή ηλικία, σχετίζεται με αυξημένη συχνότητα εμφάνισης της νόσου, ιδιαίτερα αν η χρήση τους προηγείται του πρώτου τοκετού. Ακόμη, έχει βρεθεί ότι οι γυναίκες που λαμβάνουν αντισυλληπτικά με υψηλή δόση οιστρογόνων και προγεστερόνης εμφανίζουν μεγαλύτερο κίνδυνο ανάπτυξης καρκίνου του μαστού σε σχέση με αυτές που λαμβάνουν αντισυλληπτικά με χαμηλή δόση οιστρογόνων [23].…”
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