Exogenous growth hormone treatment alters body composition and increases natural killer cell activity in women with impaired endogenous growth hormone secretion

Crist, Douglas M.; Peake, Glenn T.; Mackinnon, Laurel Traeger; Sibbitt, Wilmer L.; Kraner, James C.

doi:10.1016/0026-0495(87)90236-8

Cited by 90 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…GH stimulates thymocyte proliferation and differentiation, as well as the activation and proliferation of peripheral T and B-cells [32]. Natural killer cell activity is reduced in patients with GH deficiency [33] and restored by administered GH [34]. GH potentiates erythropoiesis [35], lymphopoiesis [36] and granulopoiesis [37].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex-dependent expression of CYP2C11 in spleen, thymus and bone marrow regulated by growth hormone

Thangavel

Dhir

Volgin

et al. 2007

Biochemical Pharmacology

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CYP2C11, the most commonly expressed isoform of cytochrome P450 in male rat liver, was measured in spleen, thymus and bone marrow by quantitative real-time PCR and enhanced Western blotting. CYP2C11 concentrations in the lymphoid tissues were a fraction of that observed in liver, but like the liver, were sexually dimorphic (M>F) with mRNA and protein levels in agreement. Although the response to hypophysectomy varied according to tissue and sex, expression levels of CYP2C11 in all measured tissues remained greater in males. Further differences in CYP2C11 expression between liver and lymphoid tissue were observed following restoration of the circulating masculine growth hormone profile in hypophysectomized rats. In contrast to the liver where the renaturalized growth hormone profile elevated CYP2C11 expression in both sexes, the response was opposite in spleen and thymus with isoform concentrations declining in both sexes. Lastly, the divergent response of CYP2C11 between the liver and immune system was examined in cultured splenocytes exposed to different mitogens. In contrast to the dramatic depletion of CYP2C11 reported in proliferating hepatocytes, mitogen-stimulation resulted in a significant elevation in splenocyte CYP2C11 expression. In summary, we report for the first time that thymus, spleen and bone marrow express, albeit nominal, sex-dependent levels of CYP2C11 (M>F) whose regulation appears to be under some hormonal control, but very different from that of the hepatic isoform.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex-dependent expression of CYP2C11 in spleen, thymus and bone marrow regulated by growth hormone

Thangavel

Dhir

Volgin

et al. 2007

Biochemical Pharmacology

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“…1977;Berczi and Nagy 1987;Tapson and Berman 1987;Gruler et al 1988;Kelley 1988Kelley , 1989Baxter et al , 1991Blalock 1989; Guarcello et al 1989;Rothe and Falanga 1989;Green and Berman 1990;Sara and Hall 1990;Blalock 1990, 1991;Gelato 1993 responses that are T cell-dependent (Fabris et al 1971a;van Buul-Offers et al 1981;Roth et al 1984;reviewed by Berczi 1986;Kelley 1989). Observed effects of GH deficiency on the human immune system have been less consistent (Crist et al 1987;Rapaport et al 1987;Bozzola et al 1988bBozzola et al 1989Kiess et al 1988;Spadoni et al 1989 (Roth et al 1984) were treated with GH. Similarly, the deficient cellular responses of lymphocytes from hypophysectomized rodents were reversed to normal levels by GH administration (Berczi et al 1985).…”

Section: Effects Of Growth Hormone On Body Conditionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of bovine growth hormone

Burton¹,

McBride²,

Block³

et al. 1994

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

132

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. 74: 16'7-201. Unprecedented numbers of technical papers, abstracts, and short communications have been published in the past decade regarding the effects of exogenous bovine growth hormone on milk production, health, and reproductive efficiency of treated dairy cows. In well-managed dairy herds, exogenous growth hormone increases milk production without altering normal variability in milk composition. This has held true regardless of dairy breed tested, geographical location studied, or feeding management system used. Also consistent across studies is the rapidity of the galactopoietic effect of administered bovine growth hormone, which arises from altered partitioning and use of post-absorptive nutrients and increased synthetic capacity of the mammary gland. Growth hormone and its associated peptide, insulin-like growth factor-I, are now known to provide chronic lipolytic, diabetogenic, and gluconeogenic signals to target tissues culminating in increased mammary gland availability of glucose and nonesterified fatty acids. Together with yet ill-defined effects on mammary secretory tissue, this homeorhetic control of metabolism elicited by exogenous growth hormone is so efficient that treated cows are not more susceptible to metabolic disorders than untreated cows. However, some studies have reported an increased frequency of mastitis in groups of treated cows. This has been attributed mainly to increased milk volume in the mammary glands of treated cows and no convincing data are available that show decreased mammary gland immunity as a result of growth hormone treatments. On the contrary, an expanding body of evidence implicates growth hormone as a key neuroendocrine factor that is required for immunological competence. Trends of decreased reproductive efficiency in cows treated with growth hormone have also been reported, but available data imply that this is probably an indirect effect via prolonged negative energy balance in cows treated in early lactation rather than a direct negative effect on estrous cycling via altered reproductive hormone profiles. The objectives of the present review are to bring into focus and summarize pertinent biological discoveries regarding the treatment of dairy cows with recombinant bovine growth hormone, and to explore areas where additional growth hormone research is needed or warranted.Key words: Growth hormone, somatotropin, dairy cows, insulin-like growth factor-I Burton, J. L., McBride, B. W., Block, E., Glimm, D. et Kennelly,E. 1994. L'horrnone de croissance bovinemais au point bibliographique. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 74: . D'innombrables m6moires techniques, r6sum6s analytiques et communications brdves ont 6t6 publi6s dans la dernidre d6cennie au sujet des effets de I'hormone de croissance bovine exogdne sur la production laitidre, sur la sant6 et sur les fonctions de reproduction des vaches laitidres trait6es. Dans les 6levages laitiers bien conduits, la GH exogbne accroit la production de lait sans modifier la variabilit6 normale de sa composition, et cela inddpendamme...

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“…First, GH has been shown to have a significant influence on cellular and humoral immunity (Weigent and Blalock, 1990;Berczi, 1994). For example, GH enhances IL-2 production by lymphocytes (Schimpff and Repellin, 1990), natural killer cell activity in women with impaired GH secretion (Crist et al, 1987) and superoxide anion generation and bacterial killing (Edwards et al, 1988) by macrophages (Sabharwal et al, 1992b). In addition, recombinant human GH can stimulate B-cell immunoglobulin synthesis and proliferation in serum-free medium (Yoshida et al, 1992).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic stress down-regulates growth hormone gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of older adults

Malarkey

Cacioppo

et al. 1996

Endocr

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"Pituitary" peptides are produced in both endocrine and immune cells. Acute and chronic stress can alter pituitary peptide secretion and might also influence neuroendocrine gene expression in human immune cells. We reasoned that, in Alzheimer caregivers, the chronic stress of caregiving would impact on the sympathetic-adrenal-medullary and hypothalamicpituitary-adrenal axis possibly leading to alterations in GH mRNA in their peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Therefore, we evaluated 10 caregivers and 10 control subjects using a math and speech stress protocol to determine their neuroendocrine profile and to evaluate any relationship with mononuclear cell GH mRNA levels simultaneously acquired and then evaluated by a quantitative competitive RT-PCR technique. We found a significant (p < .0001 ) decrease 50% in G H mRNA levels in cells from caregivers. Plasma ACTH and norepinephrine levels were negatively correlated with GH mRNA levels, suggesting their possible role in the down-regulation of mononuclear cell GH gene expression. These observations support the hypothesis that experiences associated with caregiving alter the brain's autonomic nervous system and neuroendocrine control of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis. These and perhaps other influences may then produce altered GH gene expression in mononuclear cells of chronically stressed individuals. It is tempting to speculate that the decreased GH mRNA that we found in these chronically stressed caregivers was partially responsible for their poor response to influenza vaccine and their delayed wound healing.

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Exogenous growth hormone treatment alters body composition and increases natural killer cell activity in women with impaired endogenous growth hormone secretion

Cited by 90 publications

References 14 publications

Sex-dependent expression of CYP2C11 in spleen, thymus and bone marrow regulated by growth hormone

Sex-dependent expression of CYP2C11 in spleen, thymus and bone marrow regulated by growth hormone

A review of bovine growth hormone

Chronic stress down-regulates growth hormone gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of older adults

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