Exogenous crimes and the assessment of public safety efficiency and effectiveness

Nepomuceno, Thyago Celso Cavalcante; Santiago, Katarina; Daraio, Cinzia; Costa, Ana Paula Cabral Seixas

doi:10.1007/s10479-020-03767-6

Cited by 19 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 84 publications

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“…We adopted the usual standard function shape by not considering indifference or preference thresholds during the elicitation process. Roc weights were used considering the four decision metrics resulted from Nepomuceno et al [5]: Pact for Life effectiveness in reducing 12% homicides (the most important criterion, w = 0,5208333), relative directional efficiency in violent crimes (CVLI, the second most important criterion, w = 0,2708333), relative directional efficiency in carjacking (the third most important criterion, w = 0,145833) and relative directional efficiency in street mugging (the least important criterion, w = 0,0625).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ranking police units under the influence of different environments, subjective value judgments, contexts and exogenous potentials of policing and criminality is challenging in the field of nonparametric efficiency analysis due to the stochastic nature of criminal occurrences. According to Nepomuceno et al [5], crime cannot be considered an input for or output from police departments' production system in the short-run because 1. it cannot be directly controlled (reduced), 2. stochastic characteristics (increasing police efficiency, e.g., by solving more cases and still having a more than proportional increase in crime), 3. influence of exogenous determinants (income, educational attainment, religious preference, population density, social status, age, a race and ethnicity, among others) which are neither in control nor can be coherently measured by police; 4. dependence and strict correlation with other results, 5. simultaneity bias and 6. impossibility to measure the number of crimes that have been prevented. The authors suggest using Nonparametric Robust Estimators [6,7,8], which account for extreme values in the data and permit measuring the effect of exogenous variables on the efficiency of Decision Making Units.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…17, 18] families offer outranking relations on the set of alternatives considering the decision marker's preferences so that an alternative x (e.g., university, bank, hospital, police department, vendor, city, region, person), for instance, is claimed to outrank another alternative y if, and only if, x is at least as good as y and there is no strong argument to contradict this assertion [19]. In this paper, we combine the Full Disposal Hull (FDH) [20] directional efficiency measure for policing conditional to crime as an exogenous factor with the PROMETHEE outranking for a complete classification of Pernambuco's municipalities based on the efficiency of each police department in solving three types of crimes violent crimes (CVLI), street robberies (mugging) and carjack (or more generally motor vehicle theft and robbery) using officers as input and based on the effectiveness of reaching Pact for Life state goal on reducing homicides [5,21,22]. Some assessments of crime and policing in Pernambuco has used multicriteria and geospatial tools for ranking, clustering and classifying units and regions according to the vulnerability to homicides [23,24,25], preference learning [26,27], and property crimes [28,29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multicriteria Ranking for Police Efficient and Effective Analysis

Nepomuceno¹,

Daraio²,

Costa³

2020

Preprint

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Nonparametric assessments of police technical and scale efficiency is challenging because of the stochastic nature of criminal behavior and because of the subjective dependence on multiple decision criteria, which can lead to a more or less efficiency prospect depending on the regulation, necessity, or organizational objective. There is a trade-off between efficiency and effectiveness in many police performance assessments, i.e., efficient departments (producing more clear-ups with a given resource) are crime-specialized or cannot reproduce those good results effectively on more severe or complex occurrences. This study proposes a combined methodology for carrying out efficiency and effectiveness analysis of Police departments. A conditional non-parametric approach, which allows to include crime as an external factor in the analysis, is combined with a non-compensatory ranking based on the PROMETHEE II methodology for the approach illustrated on the multidimensional efficiency and effectiveness comparison of 145 Pernambuco (Brazil)'s police departments. The application results offer compelling perspectives for public administrations concerning the strategic prioritization of units for rewards or interventions.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multicriteria Ranking for Police Efficient and Effective Analysis

Nepomuceno¹,

Daraio²,

Costa³

2020

Preprint

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“…Different criminology theories, such as the Theory of Rational Choice of Gary Becker [ 32 ], the theory of routine activity of Cohen and Felson [ 33 ] and the Ostrom [ 34 ] and Nepomuceno et al [ 35 , 36 ] framework of crime determination highlight different perspectives for different types of crimes [ 37 ]. Thus, we limited our analysis to aggression-based data and misdemeanors where the offenders are motivated by a desire to commit the violent approach, and the victim is irrelevant (opportunistic victims).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the Bedouin Syndrome in the Football Fan Culture: Addressing the Hooliganism Phenomena through Networks of Violent Behavior

Nepomuceno

Carvalho

Silva

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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The Bedouin syndrome represents social interactions based on four premises: a friend of my friend is my friend, a friend of my enemy is my enemy, an enemy of my friend is my enemy, and an enemy of my enemy is my friend. These extensive associations exist in many social and economic relationships, such as market competition, neighborhood relations, political behavior, student gangs, organized crime, and the violent behavior of sports spectators (hooliganism) worldwide. This work tests the Bedouin syndrome hypothesis considering the violent behavior in the football fan culture. We construct relational networks of social affinities to represent the social interactions of organized fan bases (Torcidas organizadas) involved in hooligan violence in Pernambuco, Brazil. Contrary to prior expectations, the results evidence no statistical support for the Bedouin syndrome in 13 of the 15 analyzed clubs. There is weak statistical support in two interactions and strong statistical support in one interaction to state that a friend of my enemy is my friend (instead of an enemy). The only support for the Bedouin syndrome is circumstantial based on a prior assumption of an alliance. We propose a network development that can be more suitable to represent football fans’ violent behavior. The results contribute to understanding the hooliganism social phenomenon in football-rooted cultures and their impact on public health, identifying potential determinants for organized violence by young spectators’ and supporting police strategies by defining relevance scores for the most potential clashes and coalitions of gangs.

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“…When control variables are not included in such analysis, results might bias the distribution of inefficiencies. According to Nepomuceno et al [ 118 ], such analysis can jeopardize the objective measure of technical efficiency and the inclusion of exogenously determined outputs as non-discretionary inputs are suggested.…”

Section: Core Publications and Research Impactmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Core of Healthcare Efficiency: A Comprehensive Bibliometric Review on Frontier Analysis of Hospitals

et al. 2022

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Parametric and non-parametric frontier applications are typical for measuring the efficiency and productivity of many healthcare units. Due to the current COVID-19 pandemic, hospital efficiency is the center of academic discussions and the most desired target for many public authorities under limited resources. Investigating the state of the art of such applications and methodologies in the healthcare sector, besides uncovering strategical managerial prospects, can expand the scientific knowledge on the fundamental differences among efficiency models, variables and applications, drag research attention to the most attractive and recurrent concepts, and broaden a discussion on the specific theoretical and empirical gaps still to be addressed in future research agendas. This work offers a systematic bibliometric review to explore this complex panorama. Hospital efficiency applications from 1996 to 2022 were investigated from the Web of Science base. We selected 65 from the 203 most prominent works based on the Core Publication methodology. We provide core and general classifications according to the clinical outcome, bibliographic coupling of concepts and keywords highlighting the most relevant perspectives and literature gaps, and a comprehensive discussion of the most attractive literature and insights for building a research agenda in the field.

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Exogenous crimes and the assessment of public safety efficiency and effectiveness

Cited by 19 publications

References 84 publications

Multicriteria Ranking for Police Efficient and Effective Analysis

Multicriteria Ranking for Police Efficient and Effective Analysis

Exploring the Bedouin Syndrome in the Football Fan Culture: Addressing the Hooliganism Phenomena through Networks of Violent Behavior

The Core of Healthcare Efficiency: A Comprehensive Bibliometric Review on Frontier Analysis of Hospitals

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