Exogenous brassinosteroids altered cell length, gibberellin content, and cellulose deposition in promoting carrot petiole elongation

Feng, Qing; Khadr, Ahmed; Wang, Guang-Long; Li, Tong; Wang, Yahui; Xu, Zhihong; Xiong, Ai‐Sheng

doi:10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.10.010

Cited by 28 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Brassinosteroid (BR) signaling has a well-established role in regulating primary vascular patterning in the Arabidopsis shoot [29]. A recent study indicated that brassinosteroid signaling may contribute to the regulation of secondary xylem production [30,31,32]. In the present study, significant increases in plant height and xylem thickness were observed in BR-treated plants.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

Exogenous Application of Phytohormones Promotes Growth and Regulates Expression of Wood Formation-Related Genes in Populus simonii × P. nigra

Yuan

Zhao

Guo

et al. 2019

IJMS

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Although phytohormones are known to be important signal molecules involved in wood formation, their roles are still largely unclear. Here, Populus simonii × P. nigra seedlings were treated with different concentrations of exogenous phytohormones, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), gibberellin (GA3), and brassinosteroid (BR), and the effects of phytohormones on growth were investigated. Next, 27 genes with known roles in wood formation were selected for qPCR analysis to determine tissue-specificity and timing of responses to phytohormone treatments. Compared to the control, most IAA, GA3, and BR concentrations significantly increased seedling height. Meanwhile, IAA induced significant seedling stem diameter and cellulose content increases that peaked at 3 and 30 mg·L−1, respectively. Significant increase in cellulose content was also observed in seedlings treated with 100 mg·L−1 GA3. Neither stem diameter nor cellulose content of seedlings were affected by BR treatment significantly, although slight effects were observed. Anatomical measurements demonstrated improved xylem, but not phloem, development in IAA- and BR-treated seedlings. Most gene expression patterns induced by IAA, GA3, and BR differed among tissues. Many IAA response genes were also regulated by GA3, while BR-induced transcription was weaker and slower in Populus than for IAA and GA3. These results reveal the roles played by phytohormones in plant growth and lay the foundation for exploring molecular regulatory mechanisms of wood formation in Populus.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

Exogenous Application of Phytohormones Promotes Growth and Regulates Expression of Wood Formation-Related Genes in Populus simonii × P. nigra

Yuan

Zhao

Guo

et al. 2019

IJMS

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“…GAs are essential for cell elongation and other plant growth and developmental processes [ 26 , 27 , 28 ]. GA20oxs (GA20-oxidases) are key GA biosynthesis regulators that determine the GA content of plant species [ 29 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This step is catalyzed by CK riboside 5′monophosphate phosphoribohydrolase (LOG). Cytokinin conjugation occurs mainly through GAs are essential for cell elongation and other plant growth and developmental processes [26][27][28]. GA20oxs (GA20-oxidases) are key GA biosynthesis regulators that determine the GA content of plant species [29].…”

Section: Effects Of Dsp On Auxin Cytokinin and Gibberellin Levels Imentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Transcriptomic Analysis of the Development of Sepal Morphology in Tomato (Solanum Lycopersicum L.)

Liu

Shi

Wang

et al. 2020

IJMS

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Sepal is an important component of the tomato flower and fruit that typically protects the flower in bud and functions as a support for petals and fruits. Moreover, sepal appearance influences the commercial property of tomato nowadays. However, the phenotype information and development mechanism of the natural variation of sepal morphology in the tomato is still largely unexplored. To study the developmental mechanism and to determine key genes related to downward sepal in the tomato, we compared the transcriptomes of sepals between downward sepal (dsp) mutation and the wild-type by RNA sequencing and found that the differentially expressed genes were dominantly related to cell expansion, auxin, gibberellins and cytokinin. dsp mutation affected cell size and auxin, and gibberellins and cytokinin contents in sepals. The results showed that cell enlargement or abnormal cell expansion in the adaxial part of sepals in dsp. As reported, auxin, gibberellins and cytokinin were important factors for cell expansion. Hence, dsp mutation regulated cell expansion to control sepal morphology, and auxin, gibberellins and cytokinin may mediate this process. One ARF gene and nine SAUR genes were dramatically upregulated in the sepal of the dsp mutant, whereas seven AUX/IAA genes were significantly downregulated in the sepal of dsp mutant. Further bioinformatic analyses implied that seven AUX/IAA genes might function as negative regulators, while one ARF gene and nine SAUR genes might serve as positive regulators of auxin signal transduction, thereby contributing to cell expansion in dsp sepal. Thus, our data suggest that 17 auxin-responsive genes are involved in downward sepal formation in the tomato. This study provides valuable information for dissecting the molecular mechanism of sepal morphology control in the tomato.

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“…BRs generally participate in the regulation of meristem size and xylem differentiation to control root growth and development (González-García et al, 2011;Nolan et al, 2017). BRs have been shown to promote the tuber number in potato and petiole elongation in carrot by altering contents of polyamine, GA, and cellulose deposition (Wei and Li, 2016;Que et al, 2018). Of the 133 DEGs, 23 genes in Sp, 29 in Su, 35 in Au, and 20 in Wi were expressed at higher levels, only CYCD3-9, BRI1-63, and BAK1-38 were commonly upregulated in Wi, Su, and Au while 23 unigenes, including BRI1s, BAK1s, TCH4, BIN2, and BZR1/2, were commonly upregulated in Sp, Su, and Au.…”

Section: Unigenes In Phytohormone Signal Transduction Pathwaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The mechanism of tuberous organ formation has been widely studied in root crops such as sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas), potato (Solanum tuberosum), and cassava (Manihot esculenta) (Tanaka, 2016;Hoang et al, 2020), indicating the role of endogenous phytohormones, sucrose, and starch in the development of TR. Cytokinins (CTKs) (Tanaka et al, 2008;Sojikul et al, 2015), auxins (Faivre-Rampant et al, 2004;Noh et al, 2010;Roumeliotis et al, 2012;Sojikul et al, 2015), jasmonic acid (JA) (Koda et al, 2001;Cenzana et al, 2003), and brassinosteroids (BRs) (Wei and Li, 2016;Que et al, 2018;Hoang et al, 2020) improve the initiation of TR. However, the level of auxin has been shown to decrease gradually during the secondary thickening growth of the TR (Tanaka et al, 2008;Noh et al, 2010;Dong et al, 2019;.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal Variation in Transcriptomic Profiling of Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Fully Developed Tuberous Roots Enriches Candidate Genes in Essential Metabolic Pathways and Phytohormone Signaling

Xiang

Ligaba-Osena

et al. 2021

Front. Plant Sci.

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Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels et Gilg (Sanyeqing, SYQ) is a perennial climbing liana and an endemic plant to southern China. Its tuberous roots (TRs) are used in traditional Chinese medicine for treating some diseases such as high fever, pneumonia, asthma, hepatitis, and cancers. However, the mechanisms underlying the development of TR and the content of flavonoids and phenylpropanoids (FPs) are not well-understood. In this study, we performed a transcriptomic analysis of 12 fully developed TR (FD-TR) samples harvested in four seasons [spring (Sp), summer (Su), autumn (Au), and winter (Wi)] using the RNA-Sequencing (RNA-Seq). We obtained a total of 78.54 Gb raw data and 65,578 unigenes. Then, the unigenes were annotated by using six databases such as non-redundant protein database (NR), Pfam, eggNOG, SWISSProt, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and gene ontology (GO). The transcriptomic profiling showed closer relationships between the samples obtained in Su and Au than those obtained in Sp and Wi based on the results of both total unigenes and differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Three pathways, including the biosynthesis of FPs, metabolism of starch and sucrose, and signaling of phytohormones, were highly enriched, suggesting a gene-level seasonal variation. Based on the numbers of DEGs, brassinosteroid (BR) signal transduction factors appeared to play a key role in modulating the development of TRs while most of the auxin signaling genes were mainly activated in Wi and Sp FD-TRs. Most genes in the biosynthesis and biodegradation of starch and biodegradation of cellulose were activated in Wi FD-TRs. As determined by the high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and aluminum nitrate colorimetric method, the contents of total flavonoids and most detected FP components increased from Sp to Au but decreased in Wi. Enhanced expression levels of some genes in the biosynthetic pathways of FPs were detected in Su and Au samples, which corroborated well with metabolite content. Our findings provide the first transcriptomic and biochemical data on a seasonal variation in the composition of medically important metabolites in SYQ FD-TRs.

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Exogenous brassinosteroids altered cell length, gibberellin content, and cellulose deposition in promoting carrot petiole elongation

Cited by 28 publications

References 58 publications

Exogenous Application of Phytohormones Promotes Growth and Regulates Expression of Wood Formation-Related Genes in Populus simonii × P. nigra

Exogenous Application of Phytohormones Promotes Growth and Regulates Expression of Wood Formation-Related Genes in Populus simonii × P. nigra

Comparative Transcriptomic Analysis of the Development of Sepal Morphology in Tomato (Solanum Lycopersicum L.)

Seasonal Variation in Transcriptomic Profiling of Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Fully Developed Tuberous Roots Enriches Candidate Genes in Essential Metabolic Pathways and Phytohormone Signaling

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