Exogenous Application of Zinc to Mitigate the Salt Stress in Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek—Evaluation of Physiological and Biochemical Processes

Abstract

Salt stress adversely affects the growth and productivity of crops. However, reports suggest that the application of various micronutrients could help the plant to cope with this stress. Hence, the objective of the study was to examine the effect of exogenous application of Zinc (Zn) on salt tolerance in Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek (mungbean). Mungbean is considered to be an economically important crop and possess a strategic position in Southeast Asian countries for sustainable crop production. It is rich in quality proteins, minerals and vitamins. Three weeks old grown seedlings were subjected to NaCl (150 mM and 200 mM) alone or with Zn (250 µM). After 21 days of treatment, plants were harvested for investigating morphological, physiological and biochemical changes. We found that the Zn application mitigates the negative effect upon plant growth to a variable extent. This may be attributed to the increased shoot and root length, improved chlorophyll and carotenoid contents, enhanced total soluble sugar (TSS), total soluble protein (TSP) and proline accumulation, decreased H2O2 content and increased enzymatic antioxidant activities. Zn’s application improved the performance of the enzymes such as phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and tyrosine ammonia-lyase (TAL) of the secondary metabolism, which resulted in the improvement of total phenol and flavonoids. The antioxidant activities such as 1,1diphenyl 2-picryl hydrazine (DPPH) and ferrous reducing antioxidant power assay (FRAP) of the plants also showed improved results in their salt only treatments. Furthermore, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and superoxide radical (SOD) scavenging activity were also improved upon the application of 250 µM zinc. Thus, Zn application in low doses offers promising potential for recovering plants suffering from salinity stress. In conclusion, we assume that zinc application improved salt tolerance in mungbean through the improvement of various physiological and photochemical processes which could prove to be useful in nutrient mediated management for crop improvement.

RETRACTED: Combined effect of Zinc lysine and biochar on growth and physiology of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to alleviate salinity stress

“…So, in the salt affected soils are zinc application could abate possible Na + and Cl – in juries such as ROS production and lipid peroxidation in the plant by Zinc has regulatory role the Na + and Cl – uptake and translocation rate. The decrease in H 2 O 2 was achieved upon Zn supplementation to seedlings growing with salt ( Al-Zahrani et al., 2021 ).…”

Foliar application of graphene oxide, Fe, and Zn on Artemisia dracunculus L. under salinity

“…-1 ). In Vigna radiata L., foliar application of Zn (25 µM) under salinity of 150 and 200 mM increased the CAT and SOD activities(Al-Zahrani et al, 2021) Ahmad et al (2017). reported a similar result.…”

“…Under salinity, the NaCl 100 × nano-Zn (41.3 unit mg -1 protein min -1 ) treatment exhibited 10.4 % more CAT activity than NaCl 100 × ZnO. There was no difference (p > 0.01) between NaCl 50 × nano-Zn (39.6 unit mg -1 protein min -1 ) and NaCl 0 × nano-Zn (39.3 unit mg -1 protein min (Wani et al, 2013;Al-Zahrani et al, 2021).…”

“…The increase in the phenolics and flavonoids contents by the action of nano-Fe foliar treatments is possibly attributed to the enhanced photosynthesis potential and the partitioning of more assimilates and carbohydrates toward the shikimic acid pathway, thus intensifying the production and accumulation of the related secondary metabolites (Nickavar et al, 2005;Lingyun et al, 2016). The Zn treatment meliorates phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activity in plants, fortifying the biosynthesis of phenolics and boosting plant endurance under stressful saline environments (Al-Zahrani et al, 2021).…”

Induction of Catharanthus roseus Secondary Metabolites When Calotropis procera Was Used as Bio-Stimulant

“…The enzymatic potential of leaves and root was detected by screening the activities of catalase (CAT; EC 1.11.1.6, u mg −1 protein g −1 FW min −1 ), ascorbate peroxidase (APX; EC 1.11.1.11, µmol mg −1 protein g −1 FW min −1 ), polyphenol oxidase (PPO/EC 1.10.3.1, u mg −1 protein g −1 FW min −1 ), guaiacol peroxidase (POD; EC 1.11.1.7, µmol mg −1 protein g −1 FW min −1 ), phenylalanine ammonialyase (PAL; EC 4.3.1.5, µmol mg −1 protein g −1 FW min −1 ) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST; EC 2.5.1.18, u mg −1 protein g −1 FW min −1 ) by following the methods adopted by Martinez et al [ 34 ], Yaqoob et al [ 35 ], Tatiana et al [ 36 ], Parmeggiani et al [ 37 ], Al-Zahrani et al [ 38 ] and AbdElgawad et al [ 39 ], respectively.…”