Exogenous and endogenous contributions to nitrogen fluxes in the digestive tract of pigs fed a casein diet. III. Recycling of endogenous nitrogen

Souffrant, W. B.; Rérat, A.; Jp, Laplace; Darcy‐Vrillon, Béatrice; Köhler, Rosemarie; Corring, T.; Gebhardt, G.

doi:10.1051/rnd:19930406

Cited by 75 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Moreover, the pattern of N, in terms of non-protein N and AA, may be very different in the plasma and in the protein. The 15 N-enrichment of some secretions can even be higher than that of the assumed precursor pool 26 . This was observed here with the lowest barley level (330 g barley/kg, i.e.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Effect of Barley Fibres and Barley Intake on the Ileal Endogenous Nitrogen Losses in Piglets

Leterme

Souffrant²,

Thewis

2000

Journal of Cereal Science

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Ileal endogenous N losses (ENL) were measured, using the 15 N isotope dilution technique, in piglets (17 kg) fed different barley genotypes (naked, spring, winter with low/high beta-glucan content) or diets containing 330, 530, 730 or 930 g of a blend of barleys/kg diet. The apparent protein and amino acid digestibilities of the naked variety and the winter variety with a high beta-glucan content were, on average, significantly higher than those for the other two varieties. The ENL were inversely correlated (p<0.01) with the apparent digestibilities but the difference between each of them was not significant (p>0.05). The ENL increased linearly with the inclusion level of barley in a N-free basal diet (2 mg endogenous N/g barley). Isolated hulls added to a N-free diet at the rate of 100 or 200 g/ kg diet exerted no significant effect on the ENL (1.80 g endogenous N/kg diet in both cases vs. 1.76 g for the basal level). On the contrary, the effect of isolated bran, measured under similar conditions, was significantly higher and dependent on fibre intake (2.59 and 3.31 g N/kg diet, respectively). It is concluded that the ENL are affected by the insoluble bran fibre but not by the hulls, nor by the level of beta-glucan.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Effect of Barley Fibres and Barley Intake on the Ileal Endogenous Nitrogen Losses in Piglets

Leterme

Souffrant²,

Thewis

2000

Journal of Cereal Science

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“…The AID of AA are usually used as the basis for calculating the supply to the body. Values for the AID and SID are primarily affected by the level of feed intake, protein intake, and diet characteristics (Souffrant et al, 1993;Sauer et al, 2000). There were no differences in feed and protein intake among the pigs fed the different diets, because these were controlled; therefore, differences in digestibilities must be due to diet characteristics.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of common antinutritive factors and fibrous feedstuffs in pig diets on amino acid digestibilities with special emphasis on threonine1,2

Myrie

Bertolo

Sauer

et al. 2008

Journal of Animal Science

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Most feedstuffs contain antinutritive factors (ANF) such as insoluble fibers, lignins, tannins, and lectins. Intake of these ANF has the ability to reduce nutrient digestibility and to increase endogenous protein losses, such as through increased intestinal mucus secretion. The objective of this experiment was to determine the apparent ileal digestibilities (AID) of AA of 6 ANF-enriched diets to estimate endogenous protein loss associated with these ingredients in diets for young pigs. Forty-two 10-kg BW pigs fitted with a simple Tcannula at the distal ileum were randomly assigned to 1 of 7 casein-based diets with: no supplement (control), 100 g/kg of canola meal (CM), 100 g/kg of wheat bran (WB), 150 g/kg of barley (BR), 22.5 g/kg of lignin (LG), 15 g/kg of kidney beans [as a lectin (LE) source], and 15 g/kg of tannins (TN). All diets were formulated to be similar in N, indispensable AA, and caloric contents.

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“…However, as noted by Souffrant (1991) in a review of a wide range of literature, estimates of the total amount of nitrogen entering the gut vary considerably, between 16 and 33 g d -1 in the growing pig. Recently, Souffrant et al (1993) contribution from bile, pancreas, and other tissues of the gut to be 1.7, 1.9 and 7.1 g d -1 respectively.…”

Section: Ii1 Sources Of Endogenous N Lossesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the extent to which reabsorption occurs has not been clearly established; it has been estimated at 70-80% before the terminal ileum (Souffrant et al 1986(Souffrant et al , 1993Krawielitzki et al 1994). This indicates that only about 20-30% of the total endogenous gut nitrogen secretions are of concern when determining ENL and true ileal amino acid digestibilities.…”

Section: Ii2 Recycling Of Endogenous N In the Gutmentioning

confidence: 99%

Significance of endogenous gut nitrogen losses in the nutrition of growing pigs: A review

Nyachoti¹,

Lange²,

McBride³

et al. 1997

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

230

163

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Nyachoti, C. M., de Lange, C. F. M., McBride, B. W. and Schulze, H. 1997. Significance of endogenous gut nitrogen losses in the nutrition of growing pigs: A review. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 77: 149-163. During the past two decades endogenous gut N losses (ENL) at the distal ileum in the growing pig have received considerable attention in swine nutrition research. Estimates of ENL are important for determining true ileal N and amino acid digestibilities and for identifying means to improve the efficiency of N and energy utilization in growing pigs. Endogenous secretions originate from various sources including saliva, pancreatic secretions, bile, sloughed off epithelial cells, serum albumin and mucin. It has been estimated that 70 to 80% of endogenous N secretions are digested and re-absorbed. Therefore, ENL represents only a fraction of total endogenous N secreted into the gut. Increased ENL are likely associated with elevated rates of gut protein synthesis. This is bound to increase maintenance energy and amino acid requirements of pigs. Traditionally, ENL were determined by feeding protein-free diets or by the regression method. Various alternative techniques ( 15 N-isotope dilution technique, homoarginine technique, enzymatically hydrolysed casein method) are now available to estimate the ENL in pigs fed protein-containing diets. Each of these techniques has some limitations and all require different assumptions. Results obtained with these alternative techniques indicate that the net ENL losses are much higher and more variable than previously estimated, and that they are affected both by animal and dietary factors. Recent estimates of ENL losses vary between 1.8 and 8.3 g kg -1 dry matter intake. The main factors (feed intake, body weight, content of anti-nutritional factors, fibres and [digestible] protein) that affect ENL and approaches (plant breeding and selection, ingredient processing and use of exogenous enzymes) to reduce ENL are discussed in this review. In addition, the metabolic costs associated with ENL are estimated.

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Exogenous and endogenous contributions to nitrogen fluxes in the digestive tract of pigs fed a casein diet. III. Recycling of endogenous nitrogen

Cited by 75 publications

References 15 publications

Effect of Barley Fibres and Barley Intake on the Ileal Endogenous Nitrogen Losses in Piglets

Effect of Barley Fibres and Barley Intake on the Ileal Endogenous Nitrogen Losses in Piglets

Effect of common antinutritive factors and fibrous feedstuffs in pig diets on amino acid digestibilities with special emphasis on threonine1,2

Significance of endogenous gut nitrogen losses in the nutrition of growing pigs: A review

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