Existing technologies to reduce specific toxicant emissions in cigarette smoke

O’Connor, Richard J.; Hurley, P J

doi:10.1136/tc.2007.023689

Cited by 23 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 54 publications

(52 reference statements)

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“…Some smoke component emission levels may be lowered by adapting agricultural practices, plant characteristics, tobacco blending, and cigarette design (for example additives, filters, papers) [44]. For instance, parameters which influence heavy metal concentration in tobacco include growing conditions (e.g., soil type and pH), agricultural practices (e.g., use of metal-containing pesticides and fertilizers), genotype, stalk position, and processing of tobacco leaves [45].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hazardous Compounds in Tobacco Smoke

Talhout

Schulz

Florek

et al. 2011

IJERPH

676

453

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Tobacco smoke is a toxic and carcinogenic mixture of more than 5,000 chemicals. The present article provides a list of 98 hazardous smoke components, based on an extensive literature search for known smoke components and their human health inhalation risks. An electronic database of smoke components containing more than 2,200 entries was generated. Emission levels in mainstream smoke have been found for 542 of the components and a human inhalation risk value for 98 components. As components with potential carcinogenic, cardiovascular and respiratory effects have been included, the three major smoke-related causes of death are all covered by the list. Given that the currently used Hoffmann list of hazardous smoke components is based on data from the 1990s and only includes carcinogens, it is recommended that the current list of 98 hazardous components is used for regulatory purposes instead. To enable risk assessment of components not covered by this list, thresholds of toxicological concern (TTC) have been established from the inhalation risk values found: 0.0018 μg day−1 for all risks, and 1.2 μg day−1 for all risks excluding carcinogenicity, the latter being similar to previously reported inhalation TTCs.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hazardous Compounds in Tobacco Smoke

Talhout

Schulz

Florek

et al. 2011

IJERPH

676

453

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“…The per cigarette basis is derived mathematically from the per mg basis, e.g., the results per mg of tar multiplied by the tar yield from the whole cigarette. More recently, yields per mg of nicotine have been considered, which also is a mathematically derived result, but in this case the results of the yield per mg tar is extrapolated to the nicotine content determined in a separate assay (97). There are rationales, merits and limitation for all these methods.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of In vitro Assays for Assessing the Toxicity of Cigarette Smoke and Smokeless Tobacco

Johnson

Schilz

Djordjevic

et al. 2009

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

155

106

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Background: In vitro toxicology studies of tobacco and tobacco smoke have been used to understand why tobacco use causes cancer and to assess the toxicologic impact of tobacco product design changes. The need for toxicology studies has been heightened given the Food and Drug Administration's newly granted authority over tobacco products for mandating tobacco product performance standards and evaluate manufacturers' health claims about modified tobacco products. The goal of this review is to critically evaluate in vitro toxicology methods related to cancer for assessing tobacco products and to identify related research gaps. Methods: PubMed database searches were used to identify tobacco-related in vitro toxicology studies published since 1980. Articles published before 1980 with high relevance also were identified. The data were compiled to examine (a) the goals of the study, (b) the methods for collecting test substances, (c) experimental

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“…In 2009, O'CONNOR and HURLEY (17) re-investigated and interpreted the data of PHILLPOTTS et al (16) differently.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 1975, PHILLPOTTS et al (16) reported no correlation between the total aldehyde yields in cigarette mainstream smoke and tobacco blend sugar contents of 83 commercial European brands. Some authors (17) have recently re-interpreted the PHILLPOTTS data differently. They suggested applying a multivariate analysis taking into consideration NFDPM yields that gave a significant sugar-aldehyde relationship, with an R 2 correlation equal to 34%, and they concluded that normalising for NFDPM may obscure a sugar-aldehyde relationship.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Sugar Content on Acetaldehyde Yield in Cigarette Smoke

Cahours¹,

Verron²,

Purkis

2012

Beiträge Zur Tabakforschung International/Contributions to Tobacco Research

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The relationship between cigarette blend sugar and acetaldehyde formed in its smoke is a matter of current regulatory interest. This paper provides a re-analysis of data from 83 European commercial cigarettes studied in the 1970s and more modern data on sugar levels and acetaldehyde yields from a series of 97 European commercial cigarettes containing both inherent sugar and in other cases inherent and added sugar. It also provides data from 65 experimental cigarette products made from single curing grades of tobacco, having a wide range of inherent sugar levels but no added sugar.This study has shown that there is no relationship between acetaldehyde yields and blend sugar content even if a multivariate analysis is carried out taking into account Nicotine Free Dry Particulate Matter (NFDPM) as a co-factor. Such analyses should take into consideration each of the known contributory factors in order to avoid misleading conclusions.No distinction was found between the mainstream acetaldehyde yields from dark air-cured, flue-cured or US blended style cigarettes irrespective of their sugar content after taking account of differences in NFDPM yields. Similarly, no distinction was found between mainstream acetaldehyde yields of cigarettes made from single grades of either flue-cured, sun-cured or air-cured tobaccos with no sugar added.This work supports the conclusion that structural material in the tobacco plant is the main source of acetaldehyde in mainstream smoke after combustion during cigarette smoking.

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Existing technologies to reduce specific toxicant emissions in cigarette smoke

Abstract: Technologies exist to reduce the toxicants identified by TobReg. The extent to which the industry is able to simultaneously reduce toxicants, however, is unknown.

Cited by 23 publications

References 54 publications

Hazardous Compounds in Tobacco Smoke

Hazardous Compounds in Tobacco Smoke

Evaluation of In vitro Assays for Assessing the Toxicity of Cigarette Smoke and Smokeless Tobacco

Effect of Sugar Content on Acetaldehyde Yield in Cigarette Smoke

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