Existing Approaches to Smart Parking: An Overview

Enríquez, Fernando; Soria, L.; Álvarez-García, Juan Antonio; Velasco, Francisco; Déniz, Óscar

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-59513-9_7

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…In this section, we outline the research method used. To justify this research method and the scope of our work, we first highlight and discuss nine surveys and reviews that cite the datasets analyzed in this work (Meduri & Estebanez, 2018;Mahmud et al, 2020;Paidi et al, 2018;Enríquez et al, 2017;Kawade et al, 2020;Barriga et al, 2019;Chen et al, 2019;Zantalis et al, 2019;Diaz Ogás et al, 2020). In Meduri & Estebanez (2018), a brief review of Deep Learning (DL) based approaches for parking lots is given.…”

Section: Motivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Systematic Review on Computer Vision-Based Parking Lot Management Applied on Public Datasets

de Almeida,

Alves,

Parpinelli

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Computer vision-based parking lot management methods have been extensively researched upon owing to their flexibility and cost-effectiveness. To evaluate such methods authors often employ publicly available parking lot image datasets. In this study, we surveyed and compared robust publicly available image datasets specifically crafted to test computer vision-based methods for parking lot management approaches and consequently present a systematic and comprehensive review of existing works that employ such datasets. The literature review identified relevant gaps that require further research, such as the requirement of dataset-independent approaches and methods suitable for autonomous detection of position of parking spaces. In addition, we have noticed that several important factors such as the presence of the same cars across consecutive images, have been neglected in most studies, thereby rendering unrealistic assessment protocols. Furthermore, the analysis of the datasets also revealed that certain features that should be present when developing new benchmarks, such as the availability of video sequences and images taken in more diverse conditions, including nighttime and snow, have not been incorporated.

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Section: Motivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most reviews focus on discussing the different sensors available for individual parking space monitoring and user software, e.g., smartphone applications, developed to manage the parking lots or guide drivers to the parking spaces (Paidi et al, 2018;Enríquez et al, 2017;Kawade et al, 2020;Barriga et al, 2019).…”

Section: Motivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Systematic Review on Computer Vision-Based Parking Lot Management Applied on Public Datasets

de Almeida,

Alves,

Parpinelli

et al. 2022

Preprint

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show abstract

“…In this context, literatures [18–20] are reviews about various types of smart parking sensors, technologies along with their uses while [21] identifies research gap in designing smart parking system for stakeholders. Furthermore, [22] reviews about intelligent parking technologies and their economic analysis and [23, 24] reviews the advantages and drawbacks of sensors and technologies. As shown in Table 1, machine vision using visual camera is referred by all the review articles.…”

Section: Smart Parking Toolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Video processing of parking lot using a camera is not ideal as it requires continuous transfer of large bandwidths. Therefore, a video should be broken into images at regular intervals and frame rates to facilitate continuous monitoring of the parking lot [23]. For parking spaces occupancy detection, a camera can be installed overhead to a parking lot and relevant image detection algorithms can be used to segment vehicles and detect occupancy of parking space.…”

Section: Smart Parking Toolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smart parking sensors, technologies and applications for open parking lots: a review

Paidi

Fleyeh

Håkansson

et al. 2018

IET Intelligent Transport Systems

130

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“…from a fixed camera positioned at the top of a parking area. A vision-based system has advantages in terms of coverage, cost, and versatility; and it can provide many value-added services such as parking space guidance and video surveillance (Enríquez et al 2017). This would be helpful when surveillance cameras are available; however, many parking areas do not have such a camera monitoring system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Detection of Vacant Parking Spaces Using Dashcam Videos

Yeh

2019

AAAI

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A major problem in metropolitan areas is finding parking spaces. Existing parking guidance systems often adopt fixed sensors or cameras that cannot provide information from the driver’s point of view. Motivated by the advent of dashboard cameras (dashcams), we develop neural-network-based methods for detecting vacant parking spaces in videos recorded by a dashcam. Detecting vacant parking spaces in dashcam videos enables early detection of spaces. Different from conventional object detection methods, we leverage the monotonicity of the detection confidence with respect to the distance away of the approaching target parking space and propose a new loss function, which can not only yield improved detection results but also enable early detection. To evaluate our detection method, we create a new large dataset containing 5,800 dashcam videos captured from 22 indoor and outdoor parking lots. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first and largest driver’s view video dataset that supports parking space detection and provides parking space occupancy annotations.

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Existing Approaches to Smart Parking: An Overview

Abstract: Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects:Automatic diatom identification for water quality assessment and monitoring View project Face and facial elements detection View project

Cited by 12 publications

References 24 publications

A Systematic Review on Computer Vision-Based Parking Lot Management Applied on Public Datasets

A Systematic Review on Computer Vision-Based Parking Lot Management Applied on Public Datasets

Smart parking sensors, technologies and applications for open parking lots: a review

Early Detection of Vacant Parking Spaces Using Dashcam Videos

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